Exam 3: Chromosome Mutations Flashcards

1566223889	Members of each species have a specific number of these.	Chromosomes	0
1566223890	How many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells contain?	1	1
1566223891	How many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have?	2	2
1566223892	The condition that results when the loss or addition of one or more chromosomes has occurred, and the total number present is slightly different than the typical diploid number for that species.	Aneuploidy	3
1566223893	The condition resulting from the loss of a single chromosome.	Monosomy	4
1566223894	The condition resulting from the gain of a chromosome.	Trisomy	5
1566223895	The condition resulting from the gain of 2 chromosomes.	Tetrasomy	6
1566223896	The condition that results if one or more complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present.	Euploidy	7
1566223897	The name that refers to euploids with 3 or more complete sets of chromosomes.	Polyploid	8
1566223898	Polyploids are somewhat common in members of the ________ kingdom, but is rare in _______.	Plant, Animals	9
1566223899	The name that refers to organisms with 3 sets of chromosomes.	Triploid (3n)	10
1566223900	The name that refers to organisms with 4 sets of chromosomes.	Tetraploid (4n)	11
1566314388	What are the 3 possible karyotypes for spontaneously aborted human fetuses if they where triploid?	69,XXX , 69,XXY , 69,XYY	12
1566314389	What are the 2 possible karyotypes for spontaneously aborted human fetuses if they where tetraploid?	92,XXXX , 92,XXYY	13
1566314390	This is an individual made up of 2 or more cell lines, each with a different chromosome number and or a different chromosome complement.	Mosaic	14
1566314391	A large number of spontaneously aborted fetuses and stillborns are mosaics of diploid and polyploid condition. What is their karyotype.	46,XXX/69,XXX	15
1566314392	When indicating the chromosome make-up of a mosaic, the different cell lines are separated by what?	Slash (/)	16
1566314393	What kind of human chromosome has been found in the trisomic condition in spontaneously aborted fetuses?	All	17
1566314394	Which additional chromosomes will always cause the fetus to abort if it already has a complete set of chromosomes?	1-7, 10-12, 16	18
1566314395	In most infants that have an extra chromosomes, it will be one of 4. What are the 4 most common additional chromosomes.	Extra Sex Chromosome, Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13	19
1566314396	The only monosomic individuals that survive are those that have what single chromosome?	X Chromosome	20
1566314397	Give 3 examples of aneuploidy involving the sex chromosomes.	Klinefelter Syndrome (XYY males), Turner Syndrome, Poly-X Females	21
1566347226	Give 3 examples of aneuploidy involving the autosomes.	Down Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome, Patau Syndrome	22
1566347227	A group of abnormalities that occur together and which characterize a particular disease.	Syndrome	23
1566347228	Individuals whose sex chromosomes deviate by 1 from what is normal may have ________ intelligence or may be ________ _________.	Normal, Mentally Retarded	24
1566347229	Individuals with 2 or more extra sex chromosomes are ________ mentally retarded.	Severely	25
1566347230	Individuals with an extra autosome per somatic cell are ________ mentally retarded.	Always	26
1566347231	These are constructed to determine if numerical or structural chromosomal adorations are present.	Human Karyotypes	27
1566347232	What is another name for a chromosome adoration?	Chromosome Mutation	28
1566347233	These are constructed in order to make comparative studies of chromosomes of different species.	Karyotypes	29
1566347234	The chromosome composition of a somatic cell of an individual in which pictures of the chromosomes are arranged in a standard sequence.	Karyotype	30
1566347235	A camera is attached to a microscope and a photograph is taken of a ruptured stained cell in what phase?	Metaphase	31
1566347236	Chromosomes are shortest and thickest at this stage of mitosis.	Metaphase	32
1566347237	The chromosomes of a cell depicted in one the photographs are cut apart and are arranged in matching pairs according to ________ from the ________ to the ______ of the autosomes followed by the sex chromosomes.	Lenght, Longest, Shortest	33
1566347238	In the past geneticists placed the austosomes into 7 groups instead of numbering them, what where those groups called?	A, B, C, D, E, F, G	34
1566347239	Why did geneticists place autosomal chromosomes into 7 groups in the past?	Not always sure if they paired them correctly	35
1566347240	This group is made up of very long metacentric chromsomes, chromosome pairs 1, 2, and 3.	Group A	36
1566347241	This group is made up of long submetaentric chromosomes, chromosome pairs 4 and 5.	Group B	37
1566347242	This group is made up of medium length submetacentric chromosomes, chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.	Group C	38
1566347243	This group is made up of medium length acrocentric chromosomes with satellites, chromosome pairs 13, 14, and 15.	Group D	39
1566347244	This group is made up of short submetacentric chromosomes, chromosome pairs 16, 17, and 18.	Group E	40
1566347245	This group is made up of metacentric chromosomes that are shorter than chromosomes of group E, chromosome pairs 19 and 20.	Group F	41
1566347246	This group is made up of very short acrocentric chromosomes with satellites, chromosome pairs 21, and 22 (chromosome 22 is actually longer than chromosome 21).	Group G	42
1566347247	This is a medium submetacentric chromosome.	Sex Chromosome X	43
1566347248	This is a short acrocentric chromosome without satellites.	Sex Chromosome Y	44
1566347249	With these all of the chromosomes stain the same color and all parts of a given chromosome are the same color.	Conventional Dyes	45
1566347250	These where developed in the late 1960s and improvements since them have made it possible for geneticists to accurately identify chromosomes.	Banding Techniques	46
1566347251	Since banding patterns are unique and constant for each normal chromosome it is now possible to determine what 2 things?	Which chromosome is missing, What part of a chromosome is abnormal and how	47