Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Chapter 19 Flashcards

Viruses

1200529424	virus	particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells.	0
1200529425	capsid	the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus	1
1200529426	viral envelopes	a membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome	2
1200529427	bacteriophages	viruses that infect bacteria	3
1200529428	host range	The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasitize.	4
1200529429	lytic cycle	a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses	5
1200529430	virulent phage	A phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle.	6
1200529431	prophage	the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA	7
1200529432	lysogenic cycle	a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA	8
1200529433	temperate phages	Phages that are capable of using either the lytic or lysogenic cycle.	9
1200529434	retroviruses	An RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer-causing viruses.	10
1200529435	reverse transcriptase	a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template	11
1200529436	HIV	retrovirus that causes aids	12
1200529437	AIDS	a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood	13
1200529438	provirus	Viral DNA that inserts into a host genome.	14
1200529439	epidemic	a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease	15
1200529440	vaccine	immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies	16
1200529441	pandemic	an epidemic that is geographically widespread	17
1200529442	viroids	circular RNA molecules, only a few hundred nucleotides long, that infect plants. Viroids do not encode proteins but can replicate in host plant cells, apparently using host cell enzymes	18
1200529443	prions	misfolded proteins that may induce the normal protein to assume the abnormal shape upon contact	19
1200529444	restriction enzyme	any of the enzymes that cut nucleic acid at specific restriction sites and produce restriction fragments	20