Enlightenment Flashcards

1694824762	Heliocentric	the view that the sun is at the center of the solar system	0
1694824763	Geocentric	the view that earth is at the center of the universe	1
1694824764	Galileo	16th - 17th century Italian scientist who invented the telescope and proved Copernicus's theory of a heliocentric solar system	2
1694824765	Copernicus	15th - 16th century Polish scientist who was the first to write down a theory of a heliocentric solar system	3
1694824766	Isaac Newton	16th - 17th century English scientist who wrote the first theory of gravity and invented calculus	4
1694824767	Theory of Gravity	any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.	5
1694824768	Rousseau	18th century Genevan philosopher who believed in a "social contract" where government would be freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society—a direct democracy.	6
1694824769	Absolute Monarchy	concept that one ruler make all decisions for a nation	7
1694824770	Thomas Hobbes	17th century English philosopher who believed that a government must consist of a "social contract" between an absolute ruler and its people to keep people from killing each other.	8
1694824771	Francis Bacon	17th century writer, statesman and scientist who believed that by better understanding the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people's lives. Created Scientific Method with Rene´ Descartes.	9
1694824772	Scientific Method	process of observation, hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion.	10
1694824773	Rene Descartes	17th century French philosopher who relied on mathematics and logic and believed that everything should be doubted until proved by reason.	11
1694824774	Experiment	experiment is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.	12
1694824775	Voltaire	18th century essayist, satirist and dramatist who advocated for freedom of expression, religion and the separation of church and state.	13
1694824776	Satire	the use of irony, sarcasm, or wit to attack folly, vice, or stupidity.	14
1694824777	Drama	a mode of fiction presented in a performance	15
1694824778	Montesquieu	18th French philosopher who advocated for a government with separation of powers, believing that Britain was the best example.	16
1694824779	John Locke	17th century English philosopher who believed all humans processed "natural rights" of life, liberty, health and property.	17