Psychology: Myers 8th Edition; Chapter 9 Flashcards

50912721	memory	the persistence of learing over time through the storage and retrieval of information	0
50912722	flashbulb memory	a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event	1
50912723	encoding	the processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning	2
50912724	storage	the retention of encoded information over time	3
50912725	retrieval	the process of getting information out of memory storage	4
50912726	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system	5
50912727	short-term memory	activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten	6
50912728	long-term memory	the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences	7
50912729	working memory	a newer understanding of short term memory that involves concious, active processing of incomming auditory and visual-spacial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory	8
50912730	automatic processing	unconcious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings	9
50912731	effortful processing	encoding that requires attention and concious effort	10
50912732	rehearsel	the concious repetition of information, either to maintain it in conciousness or to encode it for storage	11
50912733	spacing effect	the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term attention than is achieved through massed study or practice	12
50912734	serial position effect	our tendency to recall best the first and last items in the list	13
50912735	visual encoding	the encoding of picture images	14
50912736	acoustic encoding	the encoding of sounds, especially the sound of words	15
50912737	semantic encoding	the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words	16
50912738	imagery	mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding	17
50912739	mnemonics	memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices	18
50912740	chunking	organizing items into familiar manageable units; often occurs automatically	19
50912741	iconic memory	a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second	20
50912742	echoic memory	a momentary sensory memory of auditory stumuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within three or four seconds	21
50912743	long-term potentiation(LTP)	an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation; belived to be a neural basis for learning and memory	22
50912744	amnesia	the loss of memory	23
50912745	implicit memory	retention independent of concious recollection; procedural memory	24
50912746	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can conciously know and "declare"; declarative memory	25
50912747	hipppocampus	a neural center that os located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage	26
50912748	recall	a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test	27
50912749	recognition	a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test	28
50912750	relearning	a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time	29
50912751	priming	the activation, often unconciously, of particular associations in memory. SPOT SPOT SPOT What do you do at a green light?	30
50912752	deja vu	that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before"; Cues from the current situation may subconciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience	31
50912753	mood-congruent memory	the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood	32
50912754	proactive interference	the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information	33
50912755	retroactive interference	the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information	34
50912756	repression	in psychoanalytic theory, the basic deffense mechanism that banishes from conciousness anxiety-arrousing thoughts, feelings, and memories	35
50912757	misinformation effect	incorporating misinformation into one's memory of an event	36
50912758	source amnesia	attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined; also called source misattribution	37