Before History Flashcards

535970801	Lucy	found in 1974 in Ethiopia, was an Australopithecus, lived 5.2 million years ago, 2-3 feet tall, was a biped	0
535970802	Australopithecus	means "southern ape," is a hominid that knuckled walked but could walk on two legs, lived in savannas, and had limited intelligence, lived 5.2 million years ago	1
535970803	Homo erectus	means "upright-walking human," lived 2 million years ago- 200,000 years ago, learned how to make fires to use for defense cooking and warmth, planned hunting trips, and manipulated the natural environment	2
535970804	Homo sapiens	means "consciously thinking human," intelligent, dominated environment, lived 200,000 years ago- 100,000 years ago, developed more sophisticated tools	3
535970805	Paleolithic	"old stone age," started from the evolution of hominids to when Homo sapiens learned agriculture, humans hunted and gathered	4
535970806	Paleolithic social classes and gender roles	EGALITARIAN people and genders were equal because they didn't carry possessions and everyone contributed to the community	5
535970807	Homo neandertalensis	lived 40,000-35,000 years ago, had burial ceremonies, less intelligent than homo sapiens	6
535970808	Venus figurines	cave painting named after Venus the Roman goddess of love, showed interest in fertility	7
535970809	Neolithic era	"new stone age," 12,000 years ago-6,000 years ago, was the beginning of agriculture	8
535970810	agriculture revolution	women started to cultivate plants and men started to domesticate animals instead of killing them	9
535970811	slash and burn agriculture technique	farmers would slash trees in the bark then burn them to the ground leaving fertile soil ( after a few years the ground would lose its fertility and the farmers would have to move)	10
535970812	earliest know civilization was...	Jericho, located North of the Dead Sea in modern day Israel, farmed, and traded salt and obsidian	11
535970813	Three early craft industries	pottery- created pots to store food, metallurgy- copper hammered into jewelry and tools, textile industry- learned how to weave cloth and spin thread	12
535970814	Social classes of Neolithic era	people started to own private property and obtain wealth so classes emerged	13
535970815	Neolithic religion	focused on fertility, had gods and goddesses which were depicted on pots, believed physical death was not the end	14
535970816	Two reasons cities differed from towns and villages	cities were larger and more complex and cities served a region instead serving only its citizens like towns and villages	15
535970817	first cities started...	in modern day Iraq near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers	16
536799478	Out of Africa theory	Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in Africa and then spread	17
536799479	Mulit-Regional theory	Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens simultaneously in different regions at the same time	18
536872226	Hominids	A creature belonging to the family Hominidae	19
536872227	Ardi	a knuckle walker who could walk on two feet, discovered 1994-1997 in an Afar rift in Ethiopia, lived 4.4 million years ago, was an omnivore	20
536872228	Natufians	prominent paleolithic settlement, in eastern Mediterranean, collected wild wheat and took animals from antelope herds	21
536872229	Jomon	prominent paleolithic settlement, in central Japan, harvested wild buckwheat and fished	22
536872230	Chinook	prominent paleolithic settlement, in the Pacific northwest region of North America, flourished because of wild berries, acorns, and massive salmon rums in local rivers	23
536872231	Lascaux	best known cave paintings; in France	24
536872232	Catal Huyuk	prominent village because of its location near obsidian deposits	25
536872233	Calendars and life cycles	people observed when the best times were to plant and harvest crops and they developed a calendar based on weather	26
536890187	Maslows hierarchy of needs	physiological (food, water), safety (shelter), love belonging (friendship, soulmate), esteem (happiness), self-actulization	27