AP biology unit one study guide 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 2843725080 | an organic molecule that has the same molecular formula but differ in their arrangement of atoms | What is an isomer? | 0 | |
| 2843727131 | 8 | How many electrons does carbon have in its valence shell? | 1 | |
| 2843727992 | covalent bond | When carbon bonds with another carbon atom, what kind of bond is formed? | 2 | |
| 2843731046 | macromolecule | giant molecule | 3 | |
| 2843732040 | monomer | one unit | 4 | |
| 2843732041 | polymer | many units | 5 | |
| 2843733760 | dehydration synthesis reaction | Which reaction combines monomers into polymers? | 6 | |
| 2843734505 | a water molecule is removed | What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction? | 7 | |
| 2843736598 | hydrolysis reaction | Which reaction breaks polymers into monomers? | 8 | |
| 2843740164 | polymers dissemble into monomers when a water molecule is added | What happens in a hydrolysis reaction? | 9 | |
| 2843741970 | C12H22O11 | If two molecules of glucose are joined to make a dissacharide, what would the formula of the dissacharide be? | 10 | |
| 2843745193 | glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, and ribose | What are the five monosaccharides? | 11 | |
| 2843749131 | during cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen, releases energy trapped in ATP bonds, and releases carbon and water | What is the major function of glucose in the body? | 12 | |
| 2843752232 | glycosidic linkage | What is the covalent bond that joins two monosaccharides? | 13 | |
| 2843753210 | glucose and fructose | What is sucrose made up of? | 14 | |
| 2843754013 | glucose and galactose | What is lactose made up of? | 15 | |
| 2843755474 | glucose and glucose | What is maltose made up of? | 16 | |
| 2843758304 | only monomers can be transported across the cell membrane | Why do dissacharides have to be broken into monosaccharides to be used by the body? | 17 | |
| 2843759612 | starch | What is the polysaccharide used to store energy in plants? | 18 | |
| 2843761673 | chitin | What is the polysaccharide used to store energy in animals? | 19 | |
| 2843765216 | cellulose | What is the polysaccharide that forms the cell wall in plants? | 20 | |
| 2843766433 | chitin | What is the polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of insects? | 21 | |
| 2843769729 | neutral fats - triglycerides | Which organic molecule only exists as monomers? | 22 | |
| 2843773082 | composed of one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids, ester linkages hold them together, only exist as monomers | What are the component parts of a triglyceride? | 23 | |
| 2843773901 | phospholipids | Which lipid is a component of the cell membrane? | 24 | |
| 2843775869 | estrogen and testosterone | What are two examples of steroid hormones? | 25 | |
| 2843778469 | waxes | Which lipid forms a waterproof covering for plant leaves? | 26 | |
| 2843780474 | collagen and keratin | What are 2 examples of fibrous proteins? | 27 | |
| 2843782107 | antibodies, hormones, enzymes, and hemaglobin | What are 4 examples of globular proteins? | 28 | |
| 2843783374 | fibrous, globular | One of the main differences between fibrous and globular proteins is the fact that _____ proteins are stable and ______ proteins are unstable and susceptible to changes in temperature and pH. | 29 | |
| 2843802517 | primary, peptide bonds | a _______ structure is a linear sequence of amino acids formed by protein synthesis, determined by genes, held together by ______ | 30 | |
| 2843805473 | secondary, hydrogen bonds | a ______ structure are segments of the polypeptide chain repeatedly coiled or folded, alpha helix and beta pleated sheets, held together by _____ | 31 | |
| 2843811519 | tertiary, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges | a ____ structure is a protein folded into complex globular shape, reinforced by chemical bonds between side groups of amino acids in different regions of polypeptide chain, held together by ____ ________ _______ | 32 | |
| 2843816370 | quarternary | a __ structure are proteins that consist of two or more polypeptide chains, hemaglobin is a globular protein with a quarternary structure | 33 | |
| 2843820461 | globular proteins that function as biological catalysts | What are enzymes? | 34 | |
| 2843821411 | lower the activation energy in reactions | What do enzymes do in reactions? | 35 | |
| 2843823873 | the reactant the enzyme acts upon | substrate | 36 | |
| 2843825325 | the place where the enzyme binds to the substrate | active site | 37 | |
| 2843827268 | when the enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex | E-S complex | 38 | |
| 2843829521 | as the substrate enters the active site, the enzyme changes its shape slightly so it fits more snuggly | induced fit | 39 | |
| 2843830801 | denaturation | occurs when a protein unravels and loses its conformation and the protein becomes biologically inactive | 40 | |
| 2843833987 | pH, temperature, salt concentrations, chemicals that disrupt bonds | What are some factors that can result in denaturation? | 41 | |
| 2843836632 | competitive inhibitor | molecules that compete with the substrate for the active site, blocks the enzyme from binding to the substrate, behaves the same as in and E-S complex, no product produced, reversible, slows down reaction | 42 | |
| 2843840400 | non-competitive inhibitor | binds to region of enzyme other than the active site, changes shape of active site so substrate can't fit, stops reaction, irreversible | 43 | |
| 2843844034 | feedback inhibition | a type of allerostic inhibition or end product inhibition | 44 |