E.) AP Bio chapter 6 Flashcards

AP bio chapter 6 vocab
A tour of the Cell
Seekonk High School

1165966444	prokaryotic cell	A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.	0
1165966445	nucleoid	A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.	1
1165966446	eukaryotic cell	, A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals.	2
1165966447	cytoplasm	A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended	3
1165966448	plasma membrane	A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells	4
1165966449	nuclear envelope	encloses the nucleus	5
1165966450	nuclear lamina	netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope	6
1165966451	chromosomes	discrete units of organized DNA	7
1165966452	chomatin	complex of proteins and DNA	8
1165966453	nucleolus	A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes	9
1165966454	ribosomes	particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the organelles that carry out protein synthesis	10
1165966455	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	11
1165966456	vesicles	A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.	12
1165966457	endoplasmic reticulum	A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.	13
1165966458	smooth ER	Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis.	14
1165966459	rough ER	Covered in ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins and glycoproteins.	15
1165966460	glycoproteins	A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.	16
1165966461	transport vesicles	vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another	17
1165966462	Golgi apparatus	Involved in packaging and transport of proteins in the cell; refines proteins that have been manufactured by ribosomes, it sorts the proteins and prepares them for transport or to the cell membrane for secretion. Works Hand in Hand with the ER.	18
1165966463	lysosomes	An organelle containing digestive enzymes	19
1165966464	phagocytosis	process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris	20
1165966465	food vacuoles	formed by phacogytosis; pinches off of the plasma membrane and encloses a food particle	21
1165966466	contractile vacuoles	Organelles that remove water	22
1165966467	central vacuole	A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.	23
1165966468	tonoplast	A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the cell sap	24
1165966469	mitochondria	An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.	25
1165966470	chloroplasts	Found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis	26
1165966471	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.	27
1165966472	mitochondrial matrix	enclosed by the inner membrane, this matrix contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes	28
1165966473	plastids	One of a family of closely related plant organelles, including chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts).	29
1165966474	thylakoids	A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.	30
1165966475	granum	A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast	31
1165966476	stroma	In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.	32
1165966477	cytoskeleton	A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement	33
1165966478	motor proteins	A protein that is usually required to interact with the cytoskeleton in cell motility.	34
1165966479	microtubules	Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell, thickest	35
1165966480	microfiliaments	smallest components, maintain shape, support changes; also called actin filaments; thinnest	36
1165966481	intermediate filaments	Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments	37
1165966482	three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?	microtubules,microfilaments, intermediate filaments	38
1165966483	centrosome	region located near the nucleus that is considered to be a microtuble organizing center	39
1165966484	centrioles	Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only	40
1165966485	flagella	specialized arrangement of microtubules that are responsible for locomotion by whiplike appendage in some cells	41
1165966486	cilia	Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion	42
1165966487	basal body	A structure resembling a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma membrane.	43
1165966488	dynein	A large contractile protein forming the side-arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella.	44
1165966489	actin	A globular protein	45
1165966490	pseudopodia	A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.	46
1165966491	cytoplasmic streaming	A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.	47
1165966492	primary cell wall	In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell.	48
1165966493	middle lamella	The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells	49
1165966494	secondary cell wall	A cell wall that is added between the plasma membrane and the primary walls by plants to strengthen its wall.	50
1165966495	extracellular matrix (ECM)	The meshwork surrounding animal cells; consists of glyoproteins and polysaccharides.	51
1165966496	collagen	most abundant glycoprotein found in animal cells which forms strong fibers outside the cells	52
1165980219	protoeoglycans	collagen fibers are embedded in a network of these glycoproteins, which can be 95% carbohydrate	53
1165980220	fibronectin	A glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix.	54
1165980221	integrins	A receptor protein built into the plasma membrane that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton	55
1165980222	plasmodesmata	Open channels in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell.	56