APUSH Period 2: 1607~1754 Flashcards
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| 2409322221 | Jamestown, 1607 | - 1st permanent British colony in New World -Founded by Virginia Company (received charter from King James I.) - Goal: Promise of gold, conversion of Amerindians to Christianity (just like Spain), and new passage through North America to the East Indies (Northwest Passage) | 0 | |
| 2409324990 | Virginia Charter | - Overseas settlers given same rights of Englishmen in England - Foundation for American liberties; rights extended to other colonies | 1 | |
| 2409326622 | "starving time" (1610-1611) | - Jamestown colony wracked by tragedy during early years: famine, disease, war with Indians - Only 60 out of 400 settlers survived starving time. | 2 | |
| 2409329092 | Captain John Smith | organized the colony beginning in 1608 - "He who will not work shall not eat." - His leadership helped Jamestown survive the "starving time" | 3 | |
| 2409334534 | John Rolfe | introduced new tough strain of tobacco "Colony built on smoke" Tobacco, the most important reason for Virginia's survival | 4 | |
| 2409336533 | House of Burgesses | First colonial parliament in the British American colonies Representative self-government | 5 | |
| 2409337950 | Virginia Charter revoked, 1624 | because James I believed assembly too seditious but he also loathed tobacco. Virginia became a royal colony | 6 | |
| 2409338935 | Maryland | Charles I gave Sir George Calvert (the first Lord Baltimore) Catholic haven and profit | 7 | |
| 2409340513 | Act of Toleration (1649) | Guaranteed toleration to all Christians; Catholics sought to protect their faith by granting a certain degree of religious freedom. | 8 | |
| 2409349405 | "Headright" System | A person who paid for the passage of a white indentured servant (indentured servants) received 50 acres of land | 9 | |
| 2409350540 | Indentured servants | - ___________ agreed to years of servitude in exchange for transatlantic passage (term of servitude usually 5-7 years) - By 1700, about 75% of all European immigrants to Virginia and Maryland were ________ | 10 | |
| 2409355157 | Bacon's Rebellion (1676) | Frustrated former indentured servants (freedmen) led by Nathaniel Bacon massacred Amerindians and set fire to Jamestown Significance: white planters began to increase importation of black slaves while reducing the number of white indentured servants | 11 | |
| 2409364335 | Carolina | this colony was created in 1670 after restoration. Goals: grow foodstuffs for sugar plantations in Barbados. Rice became main cash crop | 12 | |
| 2409696477 | North Carolina | this colonay was Created officially in 1712 as a refuge for poor whites and religious dissenters from Carolina and Virginia. | 13 | |
| 2409774490 | Georgia | this colony is last British American colony; founded as a haven for debtors as well as a buffer state by James Oglethorp (1733) | 14 | |
| 2409778853 | Stono Rebellion (1739) | - largest slave revolt in history of the 13 colonies - Slaves in South Carolina tried to march to Spanish Florida - Significance: slave system became more strictly controlled. | 15 | |
| 2409783678 | Calvinism | - Omnipotent God, Original sin & Pre-destination - "visible saints": After conversion, people expected to lead "sanctified" lives as a model for the community. | 16 | |
| 2409786984 | Puritans | Protestants seeking to reform the Anglican Church by removing its Catholic elements and excluding people who were not committed. | 17 | |
| 2409787387 | Separatists Puritans | Extreme group of Puritans who wanted to break from the Anglican Church altogether- later called Pilgrims | 18 | |
| 2409788166 | 17th CStuart Line of Monarchs | o James I (r. 1603-1625) o Charles I (r. 1625-1642) o 1642-1649 -- English Civil War o Interregnum under Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) o Restoration: Charles II (1660-1685) o James II (r. 1685-1688) o "Glorious Revolution" (1688): William & Mary; Bill of Rights (1689) | 19 | |
| 2409794186 | The Pilgrims | First wave of Separatists who landed off Playmouth Bay | 20 | |
| 2409797406 | Mayflower Compact (1621) | An agreement to legitimize Pilgrims' settlement outside Virginia by creating a secular document recognizing James I as their sovereign [DEMOCRACY] Agreement provided for majority rule among settlers | 21 | |
| 2409800690 | Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629) | Non-Separatist Puritans founded ________ out of fear for their faith and England's future. | 22 | |
| 2409806425 | John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; he suggested Covenant Theology (=Puritans had a covenant with God to lead new religious experiment in New World) | 23 | |
| 2409808320 | A city upon a hill | John Winthrop wrote "We shall build a city upon a hill," a model of Christian Charity | 24 | |
| 2409813274 | Quakers | _______ believed in an inner light and not in theology, flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy and were persecuted. | 25 | |
| 2409814321 | Anne Hutchinson: | prayer meetings at home to discuss John Cotton's sermons with other women; banished from MBC | 26 | |
| 2409817432 | Antinomianism | The belief that there are no moral laws God expects Christians to obey. It takes a biblical teaching to an unbiblical conclusion. "salvation is attained solely through faith and divine grace" | 27 | |
| 2409822080 | Roger Williams | Extreme Separatist who challenged legality of Plymouth and MBC charters because land belonged to Amerindians and was not the king's land to grant.; separation of church & political authority; banished from MBC | 28 | |
| 2409827752 | Rhode Island (1644) | Williams built a Baptist church at Providence - Complete freedom of religion, even for Jews, Catholics and Quakers. - No oaths required regarding one's religious beliefs - No compulsory attendance at worship - No taxes to support a state church - simple manhood suffrage | 29 | |
| 2409829475 | Connecticut (1636) | by Rev. Thomas Hooker (MBC is too oppressive and limitating!) | 30 | |
| 2409831992 | Fundamental Orders (1639) | First modern constitution in American history, Established a democracy controlled by wealthy citizens | 31 | |
| 2409833882 | Charles II | This king clamped down on New England Confederation and revoked MBC charter in 1684. | 32 | |
| 2409838466 | Dominion of New England (1686) | established by James II to enforce Navigation laws and to bolster colonial defense against Indians, Dutch, and French | 33 | |
| 2409850821 | Glorious Revolution (1688) | James II was replaced by William (of Orange) & Mary; Constitutional monarchy; Consequence: DNE collpased & enforcement of Navigation Laws was disrupted | 34 | |
| 2409962942 | Economy of New England | Hardworking (Puritan/Protestan work ethic), subsistence farming, TRADE, Lumbering, shipping, and fur trade; less ethnic diversity | 35 | |
| 2409967164 | Townhall meetings | Democracy (within the Congregational church) via town meetings and voting rights to church members (starting in 1631) | 36 | |
| 2409968495 | Perfectionism | Puritans sought to create a perfect society based on God's laws Puritans argued against slavery on moral graounds | 37 | |
| 2409970362 | Education in New England | Harvard College founded in 1636 to train the clergy; first college in the colonies; MA school of Law; high literacy rate | 38 | |
| 2409979697 | New York | - In 1664, Charles II ordered military removal of Dutch from New Netherlands - In 1685 when James II became king New York became a royal colony. | 39 | |
| 2409984520 | New York Chapter of Liberties (1683) | Granted freedom of religion to all Christians and gave all landholders suffrage. | 40 | |
| 2417755185 | Leisler's Rebellion in NYC (1691) | . | 41 |