Chapter 3 - World Civilizations: The Global Experience Flashcards

985381516	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society	0
985381517	Sanskrit	The sacred and classical Indian language	1
985381518	Chandragupta	king/founder of Mauryan empire, he seized power along the ganges river following alexander the greats incursion; first of the Mauryan rulers to unify the entire subcontinent; highly autocratic; grandfather of Ashoka	2
985381519	Ashoka	third ruler of the Mauryan empire in India; believed in Dharma; converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing	3
985381520	Dharma	duties or obligations of each caste; Hinduism: stands for law, obligation, duty; means to live life as one should	4
985381521	reincarnation	Stressed principle; Hinduism: belief that person may be reborn successively into one of 5 classes of living beings depending on the person's actions in his/her previous life	5
985381522	Buddha	creator of a major religion; born in 6th century BCE; became an ascetic; found enlightment under a bo tree and taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things	6
985381523	Hinduism	body of religious/philosophical beliefs characterized by belief in reincarnation and supreme being of many forms by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth	7
985381524	varna ( caste system )	hindu social class system that controlled everything; set of rigid social categories that determined not only a persons occupation and economic potential, but also his/her position in society	8
985381525	Vishnu	hindu god of sacrifice; in trinity of gods, the preserver	9
985381526	Karma	In Hinduism and Buddhism: the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences	10
985381527	Upanishads	later books of the vedas, contained sophisticated and philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority	11
985381528	Shiva	Hindu god of destruction and reproduction; personification of cosmic forces of change	12
985381529	Nirvana	In buddhist teachings, ideal state in which the individual loses himself in attainment of an impersonal beatitude	13
985381530	Rig Veda	collection of 1,028 sanskirt hymns composed in 1500 BC or earlier; Hnduism's oldest sacred text	14
985381531	Siddhartha Gautama	Buddha "enlightened one"; Indian prince who gave up worldly pleasures	15
985381532	Moksha	liberation from samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth	16
985381533	Four Noble Truths	Contains the essence of Buddha's teaching 1: the truth of suffering (dukkha) 2: the truth of the origin of suffering (samudaya) 3: the truth of the end of suffering (nirodha) 4: the truth of the path to the end of suffering (magga)	17
985381534	Atman	essence that is eternal, unchanging, and indistinguishable from the essence of the universe	18
985381535	Eightfold Path	right view, right intentions, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right conventration, right mindfulness	19
985381536	Samsara	the cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound	20