Unit XII Evolution Flashcards
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| 2696701186 | adaptation | an inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival in a particular environment | 0 | |
| 2696701187 | analogy | when two structures have a similar function but converged from a different ancestor | 1 | |
| 2696701188 | coevolution | the mutual evolution of 2 different species interacting with each other | 2 | |
| 2696701189 | speciation | the formation of a new species | 3 | |
| 2696701190 | evolution | all the changes that have formed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today | 4 | |
| 2696701191 | fossils | the remains or traces of a once living organism | 5 | |
| 2696701192 | mold | a type of fossil formed from an impression of the shape or tracks of an organism | 6 | |
| 2696701193 | cast | a type of fossil formed when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposing organism | 7 | |
| 2696701194 | genetic equilibrium | Condition in which the frequency of alleles in a population remains the same over generations. | 8 | |
| 2696701195 | microevolution | Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations. | 9 | |
| 2696701196 | macroevolution | evolution on a scale of separated gene pools | 10 | |
| 2696701197 | phylogeny | the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development | 11 | |
| 2696701198 | theory of evolution | Darwin's theory that things evolve from other living things due to traits needed to survive in their environments. natural selection or "survival of the fittest" | 12 | |
| 2696701199 | 5 components of evolution | 1. small population 2. not random mating but breeding 3. mutations 4. immigration and emigration 5. natural selection | 13 | |
| 2696701200 | universal ancestor | common ancestor | 14 | |
| 2696701201 | Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | 15 | |
| 2696701202 | postzygotic isolating mechanisms | hybrid sterility hybrid inviability hybrid breakdown | 16 | |
| 2696701203 | artificial selection | breeding of organisms by humans for specific phenotypic characteristics | 17 | |
| 2696701204 | gradualism | mating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations. | 18 | |
| 2696701205 | stabilizing selection | a type of natural selection in which the average (middle) form of a trait causes an organism to have an advantage in reproduction | 19 | |
| 2696701206 | adaptive radiation | an evolutionary pattern in which many species ev0lve from a single ancestral species | 20 | |
| 2696701207 | era | largest category of time organization of the earth Cenozoic (recent life), Mesozonic (middle life), Palezonic (ancient life), Precambrain (first life) | 21 | |
| 2696701208 | biogeography | the study of geographical distribution of fossils and living organisms | 22 | |
| 2696701209 | embryology | The branch of biology that deals with the formation, early growth, and development of living organisms... study of embryos | 23 | |
| 2696701210 | extinction | the dying out of a species | 24 | |
| 2696701211 | founder effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population. | 25 | |
| 2696701212 | homology | when two structures diverged from a common ancestor but developed different functions and purposes | 26 | |
| 2696701213 | natural selection | organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without the variations | 27 | |
| 2696701214 | population genetics | the study of evolution from a genetic point of view | 28 | |
| 2696701215 | convergent evolution | the process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment... did not come from common ancestor | 29 | |
| 2696701216 | prezygotic isolating mechanisms | spatial (geographical) temporal (including seasonal) ecological (habitat) gamete mortality behavioral (ethological) structural (morphological) | 30 | |
| 2696701217 | allele frequency | the percentage of an allele in a gene pool | 31 | |
| 2696701218 | disruptive selection | type of natural selection; individuals on both extremes are fittest while middle are less fit | 32 | |
| 2696701219 | Lamarck | made up Acquired Trait Theory (organisms change themselves then pass down to offspring) | 33 | |
| 2696701220 | migration | movement of individuals in and out of a population; changes allele frequency | 34 | |
| 2696701221 | period | eras are broken up into | 35 | |
| 2696701222 | variation | differences in traits | 36 | |
| 2696701223 | critical events in geologic history | bacteria -> multi-cellular -> fish -> amphibeans -> reptiles -> land plants -> dinosaurs -> mammals -> humans | 37 | |
| 2696701224 | bottleneck effect | population greatly reduced by a catastrophic event; leads to genetic drift | 38 | |
| 2696701225 | directional selection | one extreme of trait is favored | 39 | |
| 2696701226 | divergent evolution | species with a common ancestor become more and more different | 40 | |
| 2696701227 | epoch | periods are broken up into | 41 | |
| 2696701228 | punctuated equilibrium | speciation occurs in brief periods of natural change | 42 | |
| 2696701229 | fitness | ability of a species to survive and pass on their traits to offspring | 43 | |
| 2696701230 | genetic drift | A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance | 44 | |
| 2696701231 | phenotype frequency | the number of phenotypes in a population | 45 | |
| 2696701232 | relative positioning | law of superposition (rock untop of each other - top ones younger than bottom ones) | 46 | |
| 2696701233 | vestigial | functionless structure that had function in ancestors | 47 | |
| 2696701234 | morphology | study of the function and structure of animals and plants | 48 |