Chapter 9 - Attraction and Close Relationships Flashcards

2146905416	Need for Affiliation	The desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationship.	0
2146905417	Embarrassment VS Stress in relation to affiliation	•Stress increases the desire to affiliate because being with others reduce the negative effect of the situation. • However, when facing embarrassment, being with others is more likely to increase the stress.	1
2146905418	Who are we most likely to become attracted to?	- Proximity. - Exposure. - Physical attractiveness	2
2146905419	physical proximity	nearness	3
2146905420	The mere exposure effect	The more often we are exposed to a stimulus, the more we come to like that stimulus	4
2146905421	Beauty an Objective Quality?	1. The image of beauty is universal 2. Common features of attractive faces 3. The preference of babies	5
2146905422	The image of beauty is universal	When people asked to rate faces, there is a high level of agreement for facial ratings across age, gender, and cultures. Those regarded as good-looking in one culture also tend to be judged as attractive by people from other culture.	6
2146905423	Common features of attractive faces	Researchers have indentified physical features of the face that are reliably associated with judgments of attractiveness.	7
2146905424	The Preference of Babies	Babies prefer faces which are considered attractive by adults.	8
2146905425	Liking Others Who are Similar	• We tend to associate with others who are similar to ourselves. • We associate with others who share the same demographic characteristics. • Byrne (1971): We like people who we perceive as having similar attitudes to our own.	9
2146905426	The Matching Hypothesis	People tend to become involved romantically with others who are similar in their physical attractiveness.	10
2146905427	Heider (1958)	People prefer relationships that are psychologically balanced. • A state of balance exists when the relationship is characterized by reciprocity.	11
2146905428	Reciprocity	A mutual exchange between what one gives and what one receives.	12
2146905429	Does the hard-to-get effect exist?	- We prefer people who are moderately selective to those who are nonselective or too selective. - We are turned off by those who reject us (they are committed to someone else or have no interest in us).	13
2146905430	Psychological reactance theory	The theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive.	14
2146905431	Comparison Level (CL)	Average expected outcome in relationships. A person with a high level CL expects the relationship to be rewarding. A person with a low level CL does not. Relationships that meet and exceed the person's expectations are more satisfying.	15
2146905432	Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt)	People expectations of what they would receive in an alternative situation. If reward elsewhere is believed to be higher, a person will be less committed to staying in a present relationship.	16
2146905433	Investments	The investments that a person put in a relationship that cannot be recovered when the relationship ends (e.g., time, career sacrifices). Thus, you are more likely to stay. Investments in relationship increase commitment.	17
2146905434	Equity Theory	A theory stating that people assess how fairly they have been treated according to two key factors: outcomes and inputs.	18
2146905435	Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love	• Passion - Is the drive leading to romance and physical attraction. - It needs not to be just sexual passion; it includes longing for nurturance, affection, affiliation. • Intimacy - Feeling of closeness, warmth, understanding, connectedness, support, concern for other's welfare. • Commitment - Long-term intention to stay.	19
2146905436	Romantic Love	intimacy + Passion	20
2146905437	Fatuous love	passion + commitment	21
2146905438	companionate love	intimacy+ commitment	22
2146905439	Self-disclosure	A willingness to open up and share intimate facts and feelings. Contributes to companionate love	23
2146905440	social penetration theory	Developing deeper intimacy with another person occurs through mutual self-disclosure.	24
2146905441	To Whom do People Lie?	The increase in self-disclosure manifests itself in the fact that the more intimate people are, the less likely they are to lie to each other.	25
2146905442	The Marital Trajectory	Satisfaction in marriage tends to decline.	26
2146905443	Negative affect reciprocity	A 'tit-for-tat' exchange of expressions of negative feelings.	27
2146905444	Demand/withdrawal interaction pattern:	women demand to discuss the problems, only to become frustrated when men withdraw from such discussions.	28
2146905445	relationship-enhancing attributions	They see the partner's undesirable behaviours as caused by situational factors. And desirable behaviors as inherent	29
2146905446	distress-maintaining attributions	which is the opposite attributions that happy couples make	30
2146905447	Basic approaches to reducing the negative effects of conflict	-Increase rewarding behavior in other aspects of a relationship. -Try to understand the other's point of view.	31