Chapter 3-Water and the Fitness of the Environment Flashcards
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| 996561587 | Polar Molecule | Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end |  | 0 |
| 510115313 | The four properties of water that make earth suitable for life: | 1. Cohesion 2. Moderation of temperature 3. Expansion upon freezing 4. Versatility as a solvent | 1 | |
| 122632442 | Cohesion | Hydrogen bonds keep the molecules together, leads to transport of water against gravity | 2 | |
| 154599486 | Adhesion | Clinging of one substance to another | 3 | |
| 418550524 | Surface Tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid; Essential for transfer of energy from wind to water to create waves<--necessary for rapid oxygen diffusion in lakes & oceans |  | 4 |
| 1014560426 | Moderation of Temperature | one of the emergent properties of water; water has this effect on air by either absorbing or releasing its heat | 5 | |
| 23490933 | Heat Bank | Stores heat; Can absorb/release large amount of heat with only slight change in its own temperature | 6 | |
| 355256176 | Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion | 7 | |
| 825124557 | Heat | total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion; form of energy; depends on volume of matter | 8 | |
| 403065203 | Temperature | A measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules, regardless of volume. | 9 | |
| 592399850 | Water freezes at what degree on the Celsius scale? | 0 C | 10 | |
| 450129789 | Water boils at what degree on the Celsius scale? | 100°C | 11 | |
| 295013311 | What temperature is considered physiological temperature on the Celsius scale? | 37°C | 12 | |
| 706410988 | What is room temperature on the Celsius scale? | 20-25°C | 13 | |
| 505165644 | Calorie (cal) | Amount of heat it takes to raise temp of 1g of water by 1°C | 14 | |
| 764521344 | Kilocalorie (kcal) | A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C; calories on food packages-actually kcals | 15 | |
| 536833825 | Joule (j) | another unit of energy where 1 J = 0.239 cal or 1 cal = 4.184 J | 16 | |
| 531821404 | Specific Heat | amount of heat that must be absorbed/lost for 1g of that substance to change temp by 1°C | 17 | |
| 788943582 | Evaporation | Liquid to gas | 18 | |
| 838137122 | Heat of Vaporization | Quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted from liquid to gas | 19 | |
| 793587902 | Evaporative Cooling | Average temperature drops | 20 | |
| 747533111 | Expansion Upon Freezing | at 0 degrees Celsius, water molecules become locked into a crystalline lattic (ice) | 21 | |
| 570019602 | Universal Solvent | Water | 22 | |
| 790468614 | Solution | A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. | 23 | |
| 878873132 | Solvent | Substance that does the dissolving | 24 | |
| 598760313 | Solute | A dissolved substance | 25 | |
| 719351877 | Aqueous solution | A solution in which water is the solvent | 26 | |
| 548437558 | Hydration Shell | The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion | 27 | |
| 596520790 | Hydrophilic Substances | any substance that has an affinity for water; ionic or polar substances | 28 | |
| 10706129 | Colloid | A stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid: -ex: cotton | 29 | |
| 74897986 | Hydrophobic | "Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar and nonionic molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water -ex: Olive oill | 30 | |
| 454553548 | Molecular Mass (daltons) | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule | 31 | |
| 832708794 | Molecular Formula | A chemical formula for a molecular compound that shows how many atoms of each element are in the molecule; atoms which make 1 molecule | 32 | |
| 622924151 | 1 Dalton | mass of proton | 33 | |
| 454117293 | Mole (mol) | Quantity; 6.02*10^23-Avogadro's number | 34 | |
| 740542960 | Molar Mass (grams) g/mol | The mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance | 35 | |
| 21530329 | Molarity (M) moles/L | number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution (concentration) | 36 | |
| 437815304 | Hydroxide Ion [OH-] | The oxygen-hydrogen ion of water molecule formed when the hydrogen ion H+ has dissociated from the water molecule. | 37 | |
| 464992722 | Hydrogen Ion [H+] | a positively charged atom of hydrogen that lost an electro | 38 | |
| 124255533 | Acid | solute that donates hydrogen ions to solutions | 39 | |
| 851315062 | Base | solute that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. | 40 | |
| 930395174 | Neutral Solution | [OH-]=[H+] | 41 | |
| 873405764 | pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14. O is most acidic + and 14 is most basic + or akaline. | 42 | |
| 829009172 | Log Scale | 10 X difference from one pH value to the next |  | 43 |
| 445963184 | Buffers | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. | 44 |