Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards

2166866984	Bartolome de Las Casas	16th century, Spanish priest who wanted Europeans to treat the Native Americans better	0
2166867988	Juan Gines de Sepulveda	16th century, argued that Native Americans were less than human and should serve the Europeans	1
2166868449	Valladolid Debate	1550-51, formal debate between Las Casas and Sepulveda	2
2170358378	Mestizo	15th-17th century, a person of combined European and Native American descent	3
2170360579	Zambo	15th-17th century, individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry	4
2170364554	Cahokia	1400s, the largest and most influential urban settlement in the Mississippian culture of Indians	5
2170368805	Pueblo	modern and old communities of Native Americans in the Southwestern United States of America; the first Spanish explorers of the Southwest used this term to describe the communities housed in apartment-like structures built of stone, adobe mud, and other local material	6
2170377023	Prince Henry the Navigator	15th century, important Portuguese political figure who initiated the age of exploration and discovery, especially down west coast of Africa	7
2170384225	Bartolomeu Dias	15th century, Portuguese explorer and first European to sail to tip of Africa and into Indian Ocean	8
2170388370	Vasco da Gama	15th-16th century, Portuguese explorer and first European to reach India by sea	9
2170397175	Amerigo Vespucci	15th-16th century, Italian explorer of the Atlantic Ocean, West Indies, and South America	10
2170402604	John Cabot	15th century, Italian explorer of mainland North America	11
2170403792	Christopher Columbus	15th century, Italian explorer of the West Indies financed by Ferdinand and Isabella	12
2170414020	Hernan Cortes	16th century, Spanish conquistador who brought down Aztec Empire	13
2170418209	Francisco Pizarro	16th century, Spanish conquistador who brought down the Incan Empire	14
2170425252	chattel slavery	system by which people are treated as the personal property of an owner and are bought and sold as if they were commodities	15
2170428589	Encomienda	a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area	16
2170432071	mulatto	a person of mixed white and black ancestry	17
2170434019	Columbian Exchange	refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds; exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology	18
2170436922	"Sea dogs"	16th century, English pirates at the time of Elizabeth I of England; primarily targeted the Spanish	19
2170440469	Mercantilism	16th-18th century, dominant economic theory of Europe; the world has a finite amount of wealth, and each state should accumulate as much wealth as possible via colonies, trade, and protective tariffs	20
2170446167	Richard Hakluyt	16th-17th century, English writer known for promoting the settlement of North America	21
2170460647	Juan de Onate	16th-17th century, Spanish conquistador and governor of New Mexico	22
2173410755	Algonquian	Native American society in the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard that developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages; similar to the Iroquois	23
2173414236	Iroquois	Native American society in the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard that developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages; similar to the Algonquian	24
2173432091	Sextant, joint-stock companies, compass, printing press	improvements in technology and more organized methods for conducting international trade that helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas	25
2173442963	Treaty of Tordesillas	1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire	26