Evolution Flashcards

2447702674	Evolution	A change in the genes over time	0
2447704593	Adaptation	Inherited characteristic of a species that develops over time in response to an environmental factor, enabling the species to survive.	1
2447704594	Punctuated Equilibrium	Populations stay stable for long periods of time, interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. Caused by environmental change or increased mutation rate. Supported by fossil record.	2
2447705496	Primate	A group of mammals that include all monkeys, apes, and humans. Characteristics include: opposable thumbs, arms move freely in shoulder joint, binocular vision, relatively large brains, some species make and use simple tools, complex social behaviors and family relationships.	3
2447705497	Charles Darwin	Father of evolution. Developed the theory of natural selection.	4
2447706779	Survival of the Fittest	The mechanism of natural selection. Individuals that are better equipped for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to offspring.	5
2447706780	Plate Tectonics	The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core.	6
2447707888	Hominoids	A group that includes all non monkey anthropoids- living and extinct gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas and humans.	7
2447707889	Hominin	Humanlike primate that appears to be more closely related to present day humans than to present day chimpanzees. Part of the larger hominoid group.	8
2447708661	The Beagle	The ship that Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands on.	9
2447709632	Artificial Selection	The process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits.	10
2447709633	Gradualism	Small genetic changes occur slowly within a population. Darwin's original description of evolution.	11
2447711235	Fossil Record	Fossils and the order in which they appear in layers of sedimentary rock.	12
2447711236	Bipedal	Using only two legs for walking.	13
2447712705	Natural Selection	The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.	14
2447714527	Population	A group of organisms living in the same habitat that belong to the same species.	15
2447714528	Species	A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of breeding.	16
2447714529	Mutation	A permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of DNA	17
2447715553	Divergent Evolution	Accumulation of differences between different populations which can lead to the formation of new species.	18
2447716517	Vestigial Structure	genetically determined structures or attributes that have apparently lost most or all of their ancestral function in a given species, but have been retained through evolution.	19
2447716518	Analogous Structure	Structures with similar function but not common structure or common ancestor.	20
2447717847	Variation	Different or distinct form or versions within a species.	21
2447717848	Homo sapian	"Wise man" Modern day humans.	22
2447718684	Homo habilis	"Handy Man" Discovered in 1964 Used and made tools Direct ancestor to Homo sapiens	23
2447719526	Neanderthal	Closest extinct human relative. Fossils found in Neander Valley Germany. Lived in Europe, Asia, Middle East. Cold-weather adapted. Social structure, tools, buried dead, hunted.	24
2447720877	Australopithecus afarensis	Lucy, dubbed by some as the "Missing Link". The longest living hominin species. Shorter and more similar to chimpanzees.	25
2447724827	Homo erectus	"Upright Man". Migrated out of Africa into Asia and Europe. Taller with a larger brain. Built fires, wore animal skin clothing, lived in caves, made stone tools.	26
2447724828	Coevolution	The evolution of two species that are totally dependent on each other.	27
2447725951	Competition	a contest between organisms for territory, a niche, or a location of resources, for resources and goods, mates, for prestige, recognition, awards, or group or social status, for leadership needed for survival.	28
2447727926	Gene Pool	The total collection of genes in a population at any one time.	29
2447737477	Main Points of Natural Selection	1. There is variation within a population 2. Some variations are favorable 3. Not all young produced in each generation can survive 4. Individuals that survive and reproduce are those with favorable variations	30
2447786155	Habitat	The place where a population lives.	31
2448094812	Homologous structures	Structures that are similar because of common ancestry but not necessarily common function.	32
2455479161	Cladogram	a tree diagram used to illustrate evolutionary relationships between species.	33
2455509034	Speciation	is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.	34
2460332363	Quadrupedal	Walks on four legs	35
2460333742	Tetrapod	Vertebrates with four limbs	36
2460357855	Morphology	The study of the form and structure of organisms.	37
2550665279	Convergent evolution	independent evolution of similar features in species of different ancestors.	38