AP Biology Chapter 5 Flashcards
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| 492700995 | cellular | pertaining to a cell (pg. 76) | 0 | |
| 492700996 | microscopist | one who uses a microscope (pg. 77) | 1 | |
| 492700997 | cell | little boxes (pg. 77) | 2 | |
| 492700998 | modern cell theory | theory that the cell is the basic unit of all living things (pg. 77) | 3 | |
| 492700999 | compound light microscope | several or compound glass lenses focus light and magnify viewed objects (pg. 78) | 4 | |
| 492701000 | electron microscope | focuses a beam of minute electrons instead of light (pg.78) | 5 | |
| 492701001 | bacterium | bacteria (singular) (pg. 78) | 6 | |
| 492701002 | nucleoid region | kernel-like but not surrounded by its own individual membrane (pg. 78) | 7 | |
| 492701003 | ribosomes | tiny black bodies that contain ribose (pg. 78) | 8 | |
| 492701004 | ribose | 5-carbon sugar (pg. 78) | 9 | |
| 492701005 | cell membrane ~ plasma membrane | encloses the cytoplasm and most other organelles (pg. 78-79) | 10 | |
| 492701006 | cell wall | protective barrier outside soft cell membrane (pg. 79) | 11 | |
| 492701007 | bacterial capsule | sticky outermost coat that helps glue some bacteria firmly to particular surfaces (pg. 79) | 12 | |
| 492701008 | pili | short hair-like strands (pg. 79) | 13 | |
| 492701009 | flagella | long whip-like strands (pg. 79) | 14 | |
| 492701010 | flagellum | flagella, singular, helps the cell move through its watery surroundings (pg. 79) | 15 | |
| 492701011 | nuclear membrane | surrounds a nucleus in eukaryotes (pg. 79) | 16 | |
| 492701012 | central vacuole | a storage sac for various digestive enzymes in a plant cell (pg. 81) | 17 | |
| 492701013 | lysosome | the animal cell equivalent to the central vacuole (pg. 81) | 18 | |
| 492701014 | endoplasmic reticulum ~ ER | a tiny network present within the cytoplasm (pg. 81) | 19 | |
| 492701015 | rough ER | has rough surface studded with many ribosomes (pg. 81) | 20 | |
| 492701016 | smooth ER | is not studded with ribosomes (pg. 81) | 21 | |
| 492701017 | Golgi body or apparatus | a series of tightly stacked, flattened sacs (pg. 81) | 22 | |
| 492701018 | histologist | one who studies tissues (pg. 81) | 23 | |
| 492701019 | cytoskeleton | the skeleton of the cell (pg. 81) | 24 | |
| 492701020 | microtubules | tiny tubes or tubules in the cytoskeleton (pg. 81) | 25 | |
| 492701021 | microfilaments | tiny threads in the cytoskeleton (pg. 81) | 26 | |
| 492701022 | chromosones | worm-like colored bodies (pg. 81) | 27 | |
| 492701023 | DNA codons | consist of sets of three chemical bases (pg. 82) | 28 | |
| 492701024 | transcription | a copy of exposed DNA bases is made (pg. 82) | 29 | |
| 492701025 | messenger RNA ~mRNA | moves out of nucleus, onto surface of ribosome (pg. 82) | 30 | |
| 492701026 | transfer RNA ~tRNA | attached to amino acid, also moves toward ribosome (pg. 82) | 31 | |
| 492701027 | translation | nitrogen-base language of mRNA is translated into amino-acid language of a certain protein (pg. 83) | 32 | |
| 492701028 | peptide bonds | what makes amino acids attached to tRNAs (pg. 83) | 33 | |
| 492701029 | polypeptide | a combination of many amino acids in a coded order (pg. 83) | 34 | |
| 492701030 | cell autolysis | self-breakdown of a cell (pg. 83) | 35 | |
| 492701031 | transport systems | provide nearly constant movement of particles or objects (pg. 83) | 36 | |
| 492701032 | selectively permeable membrane | certain types of particels are able to permeate the membrane, while others cannot (pg. 83-84) | 37 | |
| 492701033 | permeate | pass through (pg. 84) | 38 | |
| 492701034 | passive transport systems | do not require ATP energy to function (pg. 84) | 39 | |
| 492701035 | active transport systems | do require ATP energy to function (pg. 84) | 40 | |
| 492701036 | simple diffusion | particles scatter to a region where their concentration is low (pg. 84) | 41 | |
| 492701037 | osmosis | simple diffusion of water molecules only (pg. 84) | 42 | |
| 492701038 | facilitated diffusion | diffusion that is helped by the use of protein carrier molecules (pg. 85) | 43 | |
| 492701039 | intracellular fluid | fluid present within the cell (pg. 84) | 44 | |
| 492701040 | extracellular fluid | fluid present outside the cell (pg. 84) | 45 | |
| 492701041 | osmotic pressure | the pushing or thrusting force associated with osmosis (pg. 85) | 46 | |
| 492701042 | glucose carrier protein | combines with the glucose molecule, then drops it into the intracellular fluid (pg. 85) | 47 | |
| 492701043 | cell division | one cell becomes split into two cells (pg. 86) | 48 | |
| 492701044 | parent cell | the original cell before division (pg. 86) | 49 | |
| 492701045 | daughter cells | the two cells created from the parent cell (pg. 86) | 50 | |
| 492701046 | cell cycle | the life span of a cell, from parent to daughter (pg. 86) | 51 | |
| 492701047 | interphase | the phase occurring between cell divisions (pg. 86) | 52 | |
| 492701048 | chromatin | slender DNA strands that are dark in color (pg. 86) | 53 | |
| 492701049 | equator region | the middle region of the parent cell (pg. 86) | 54 | |
| 492701050 | mitosis | a condition of threads (pg. 86) | 55 | |
| 492701051 | mitotic spindle | created near nucleus in preparation for cell division (pg. 86) | 56 | |
| 492701052 | cleavage furrow | a narrow groove between the two poles of a parent cell (pg. 87) | 57 | |
| 492701053 | mutation | abnormal change (pg. 87) | 58 | |
| 492701054 | cancer | creeping ulcer (pg. 87) | 59 | |
| 492701055 | carcinogens | chemical agents that are suspected cancer producers (pg. 87) | 60 |