Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

475258277	organelles	Structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.	0
475258282	cytosol	The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.	1
475258283	eukaryotic cells	Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.	2
475258284	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.	3
475258285	plasma membrane	The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.	4
475258286	nuclear envelope	double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus	5
475258287	nuclear lamina	A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.	6
475258288	chromosomes	A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.	7
475258289	chromatin	The readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins	8
475258290	nucleolus	Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins.	9
475258291	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	10
475258292	vesicle	Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.	11
475258293	smooth ER	Synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells).	12
475258294	rough ER	A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.	13
475258295	glycoprotein	A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.	14
485181252	transport vesicles	Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another.	15
485181253	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	16
485181254	phagocytosis	Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.	17
485181255	lysosome	A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.	18
485181256	contractile vacuoles	A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.	19
485181257	mitochondria	The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.	20
485181258	chloroplasts	Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.	21
485181259	peroxisome	A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.	22
485181260	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.	23
485181261	thylakoids	Membranous structures within a chloroplast that serve as the site for light harvesting in photosynthesis.	24
485181262	stroma	The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.	25
485181263	cytoskeleton	Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.	26
485181271	cytoplasmic streaming	the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents.	27
485181272	cell wall	Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.	28