Bio Chapter 14: The Orgin of Species Flashcards

2412689583	speciation	the formation of a new species, which increases biodiversity and occurs when one species splits into two	0
2412693719	reproductive barriers	serve to isolate the gene pools of species and prevent interbreeding	1
2412699154	prezygotic barriers	reproductive barriers that occur before a zygote forms	2
2412704264	postzygotic barriers	reproductive barriers that occur after a zygote forms	3
2412711154	prezygotic barriers	habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation	4
2412721766	postzygotic barriers	reduced hybrid vitality, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown	5
2412755258	habitat isolation	different habitats	6
2412756681	temporal isolation	breeding at different times	7
2412757885	behavioral isolation	different courtship rituals	8
2412761848	mechanical isolation	incompatible reproductive parts	9
2412763474	gametic isolation	incompatible gametes	10
2412765925	reduced hybrid vitality	short-lived hybrids	11
2412767479	reduced hybrid fertility	sterile hybrids	12
2412768578	hybrid breakdown	fertile hybrids with sterile offspring	13
2412771173	allopatric speciation	geographic barrier blocks gene flow, so each separate populations evolves to its own environment	14
2412774482	sympatric speciation	a new species arises within the same geographic area as its parent species	15
2412784584	cause reduced gene flow, and lead to sympatric speciation	polyploidy, habitat differentiation, sexual selection	16
2412791714	polyploid	an organism that has more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes as a result of an accident of cell division	17
2412805838	adaptive radiation/ diverging evolution	the evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor	18
2412807592	hybrid zone	region in which members of different species meet and mate to produce some hybrid offspring	19
2412843938	reinforcement	hybrid offspring are less fit than members of both parent species, so reproductive barriers are reinforced to keep the species separate/from interbreeding	20
2412851713	fusion	reproductive barriers aren't strong, and so much gene flow can occur that speciation reverses, and 2 species become 1	21
2412861285	stability	species remain the same (no speciation or reverse speciation)	22
2412872126	punctuated equilibrium	species change most as they arise from an ancestral species and then change relatively little for the rest of their existence	23
2412889142	gradualism	species evolve gradually	24