Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards
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| 949492717 | Actin | A globular protein that links into chains forming microfilaments in muscle and other kinds of cells. | 0 | |
| 949492718 | Basal body | A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of microtubule triplets to which cilium or flagellum are anchored. | 1 | |
| 949492719 | Cell fractionation | Technique which takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another using a centrifuge. | 2 | |
| 949492720 | Cell wall | A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi and some protists. | 3 | |
| 949492721 | Central vacuole | A large membranous sac found within mature plant cells. | 4 | |
| 949492722 | Centriole | A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of microtubule triplets. They help organize microtubule assembly. | 5 | |
| 949492723 | Centrosome | In animal cells, a region from which microtubules grow. Contains the centrioles. | 6 | |
| 949492724 | Chloroplasts | An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. | 7 | |
| 949492725 | Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. | 8 | |
| 949492726 | Chromosomes | A cellular structure that carries genetic material. | 9 | |
| 949492728 | Cilia | Short appendages containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells. May be used for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell. They have a back-and-forth motion. | 10 | |
| 949492730 | Collagen | A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that form strong fibers. Found extensively in connective tissue and bone. | 11 | |
| 949492732 | Contractile vacuoles | A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists. | 12 | |
| 949492734 | Cortex | The outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane, and containing multiple microfilaments. | 13 | |
| 949492736 | Cytoplasm | The contents of the cell bonded by the cell membrane, but exclusive of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. | 14 | |
| 949492738 | Cytoplasmic streaming | A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving interactions of myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells. | 15 | |
| 949492740 | Cytoskelton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm of a cell. | 16 | |
| 949492742 | Cytosol | Semifluid jelly-like substance inside cells in which subcellular components are suspended. | 17 | |
| 949492745 | Dyneins | A large motor protein whose ATP powered shape changes leads to the bending of cilia and flagella. | 18 | |
| 949492746 | Electron microscope | Microscope that passes a focused beam of electrons through or onto the surface of a specimen | 19 | |
| 949492748 | Endomembrane system | The collection of membranes inside and surrounding an eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. | 20 | |
| 949492750 | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded and ribosome-free regions. | 21 | |
| 949492752 | Endosymbiont theory | The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplast, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. | 22 | |
| 949492754 | Eukaryotic cell | A cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles | 23 | |
| 949492756 | Extracellular matrix (ECM) | The meshwork surrounding animal cells consisting of proteins and sugars synthesized and secreted by the cell. | 24 | |
| 949492758 | Fibronectin | An extracellular glycoprotein secreted by animal cells that helps them attach to the extracellular matrix. | 25 | |
| 949492760 | Flagella | A long cellular appendage specialize for locomotion. Its motion is snake-like. | 26 | |
| 949492762 | Food vacuoles | A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles. | 27 | |
| 949492764 | Golgi apparatus | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum. | 28 | |
| 949492766 | Glycoproteins | A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. | 29 | |
| 949492768 | Granum | A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast. | 30 | |
| 949492770 | Integrins | In animal cells, a transmembrane receptor protein with two subunits that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. | 31 | |
| 949492771 | Intermediate filaments | A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments. | 32 | |
| 949492772 | Light microscope | Microscope that passes visible light through a specimen | 33 | |
| 949492773 | Lysosome | A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells. | 34 | |
| 949492774 | Microfilaments | A cable composed of actin proteins making up part of the cytoskeleton. Acting alone, or with myosin, causes cell contraction. | 35 | |
| 949492775 | Microtubules | A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins and makes up part of the cytoskeleton. Found in cilia and flagella. | 36 | |
| 949492776 | Middle lamella | In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells. Composed primarily of pectin. | 37 | |
| 949492777 | Mitochondria | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration. | 38 | |
| 949492778 | Mitochondrial matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle. | 39 | |
| 949492779 | Motor proteins | A protein that interacts with cytoskeleton elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell. | 40 | |
| 949492780 | Myosin | A type of motor protein that associate into filaments that interact with actin filaments to cause cell contraction. | 41 | |
| 949492781 | Nuclear envelope | In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. | 42 | |
| 949492782 | Nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments that lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. | 43 | |
| 949492783 | Nucleolus | A specialized region within the nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins. | 44 | |
| 949492785 | Nucleus | The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the nucleolus and genetic material in the form of chromatin. | 45 | |
| 949492786 | Organelles | The membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells | 46 | |
| 949492788 | Peroxisome | An organelle containing enzymes that produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide. | 47 | |
| 949492791 | Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. | 48 | |
| 949492792 | Plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition. | 49 | |
| 949492794 | Plasmodesmata | An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing the passage of water, small solutes and some larger molecules. | 50 | |
| 949492796 | Plastids | A family of closely related organelles that include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Found in cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes. | 51 | |
| 949492797 | Primary cell wall | In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a young cell. | 52 | |
| 949492799 | Prokayotic cell | A cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles | 53 | |
| 949492800 | Proteoglycans | A large molecule consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached. | 54 | |
| 949492801 | Pseudopodia | A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding. | 55 | |
| 949492802 | Ribosomes | A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Consists of a small and a large subunit. | 56 | |
| 949492804 | Rough ER | The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached. | 57 | |
| 949492806 | Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | Microscope that passes a focused beam of electrons through a specimen | 58 | |
| 949492807 | Secondary cell wall | In plant cells, a strong and durable matrix that is often deposited in several laminated layers around the plasma membrane and provides protection and support. | 59 | |
| 949492809 | Smooth ER | The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. | 60 | |
| 949492811 | Stroma | The dense fluid with the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA. | 61 | |
| 949492813 | Thylakoid | A flattened, membranous sac inside the chloroplast. Often exist in stacks that are interconnected. | 62 | |
| 949492814 | Transmission electron microscope (TEM) | Microscope that passes a focused beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen | 63 | |
| 949492815 | Transport vesicles | A small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. | 64 | |
| 949492816 | Vacuoles | A membrane-bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells. | 65 | |
| 949492817 | Vesicles | A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. | 66 |