AP Human Geography- Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture Flashcards
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| 489100778 | According to Chapter One culture includes... 3 Geographers search for where __________ of each occur | values material artifacts political institutions distributions | 0 | |
| 489100779 | Chapter 4 deals with the material artifacts of culture. What does this include? 2 What is an example of each? | Daily life materials food leisure activities art | 1 | |
| 489100780 | What is the difference between habit and custom | A habit is performed by a particular person and a custom is performed by a group. A habit has not been widely accepted but a custom has | 2 | |
| 489100781 | Repetitive act that a particular person forms | Habit | 3 | |
| 489100782 | Repetitive act by a group | Custom | 4 | |
| 489100783 | What type of culture is practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated areas? | Folk Culture | 5 | |
| 489100784 | What type of culture is in large heterogenous societies that share certain habits despite differences? | Popular Culture | 6 | |
| 489100785 | What is the difference between folk culture and popular culture? | Folk is practiced by a small group. Popular culture is practiced in large societies Folk happens a small scale | 7 | |
| 489100786 | What is happening to folk culture because of popular culture? | Globalization has increased dominance of popular culture over folk culture. Disappearing folk culture reduces local diversity. | 8 | |
| 489100787 | Social customs originate at a ________. | hearth | 9 | |
| 489100788 | What are 4 folk customs hearths? | Originate from anonymous hearths Unknown start dates Unidentified originators May have multiple originations | 10 | |
| 489100789 | What are 6 Popular customs hearths? | Most often product of an MDC Especially North America , Western Europe and Japan Example include popular music and food Arise from advances in technology and leisure time Mass production often tied to increased leisure time enjoyed in MDCs | 11 | |
| 489100790 | Popular culture is often a product of a ______. Particularly what three continents? What are some examples?2 | MDC North America, Western Europe, and Japan music and food | 12 | |
| 489100791 | What are the origins of folk music? It's purpose? Consists of? | tell a story or convey information natural phenomenon | 13 | |
| 489100792 | What are the origins of popular music? | produced for the masses technology and leisure time | 14 | |
| 489100793 | Who is popular music produced for? For people who have what 2 things? What is an example? and why did it change? | the masses technology and leisure time Hip Hop originally a Folk Music style but becomes a popular music style change of topics to appeal to more people changes and evolves mass production | 15 | |
| 490035746 | What is folk culture? How is it created? Who practices it? What is the source of folk culture? | the localized lifestyle of a subsistence or inward looking culture. handed down through oral tradition with a strong sense of community. by small homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas. anonymous. | 16 | |
| 509872605 | Anything created by humans which give information about the culture of its creator | Artifact | 17 | |
| 509872606 | What represents the ideas and beliefs of a culture, for example religion, language, or law? "Beliefs, values, ideas" | Mentifact | 18 | |
| 509872607 | What represent the social structures of a culture, such as tribes or families? Nuclear vs. Extended family | Sociofact | 19 | |
| 509872608 | What is popular culture?: Where is it found? Who is popular customs invented and associated with? What is popular culture based on? | large heterogeneous societies with societies possessing modern communication systems rapid simultaneous global connections through communication technology | 20 | |
| 509872609 | What is the difference between folk and popular culture? | differences between folk and popular customs are associated with levels of development | 21 | |
| 509872610 | During World War II what were diffused? How is folk and popular cultures diffused today?4 | sports music language food technology | 22 | |
| 509872611 | How many Amish are there? # How many states are they found in? | 250,000 19 states | 23 | |
| 509872612 | When was the Amish created? Who created the Amish? | 1600 J. Ammann | 24 | |
| 509872613 | What are the 3 cities in which Amish started? | Bern, Switzerland Alsace, France Palatinate, Germany | 25 | |
| 509872614 | What were the two primary reasons the Amish migrated in Europe? | Religious Freedom Land Availability | 26 | |
| 509872615 | What part of America did the Swiss/German groups move to? What part did the French groups move to? Why were they predicted to migrate? | Pennsylvania Ohio, Illinois, Iowa the availability of inexpensive land | 27 | |
| 509872616 | Where have the Amish moved to in Kentucky? Why are they moving there? Amish communities are ___________from each other but share distinctive cultural traditions Why are the Amish leaving Ohio? | Christian County Todd County land is 1/5 of normal price isolated to escape tourist | 28 | |
| 509872617 | Sports begin as isolated folk customs but diffuse through _____________. Contemporary diffusion of sports shows spread of __________ culture. | relocation popular | 29 | |
| 511926797 | What 2 things make folk society particularly responsive to the environment? | Limited technology agricultural economy | 30 | |
| 511926798 | Folk society includes what 3 things? | Farmers hand tool animal power | 31 | |
| 511926799 | Influence of the physical environment includes what you...3 These are all influenced by...3 | eat wear live in climate soil vegetation | 32 | |
| 511926800 | What are small gardens in Istanbul called? What do they do? | Bostans grow different crops at different times to maximize crop yields | 33 | |
| 512071671 | _______ preferences are adapted to the environment. What is an example of this? | Food In Asia rice is grown in mild wet environments whereas wheat is grown in cold dry environments | 34 | |
| 512071672 | What is a behavior restricted by social custom? People avoid certain food because of what associated with that food? What is the sum effects of the local environment on a particular food item? | taboo negative associations terrior | 35 | |
| 512071673 | What is a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, function, and the physical environment? What are the 2 most common building materials? Minor differences in the _______ can produce very different house styles. | Housing wood and brick environment | 36 | |
| 512071674 | What is raising animals to move to new pastures called? What is moving because they need to move herds based on season? | pastoralism transhumance | 37 | |
| 512071675 | What are the 4 different types of housing in China? | Kashgar Turpan Dunhuang Yinchuan | 38 | |
| 512071676 | Isolation Promotes Cultural Diversity Unique folk customs develop through what? Folk customs can _____ _______ from one place to another | through centuries of relative isolation from customs practiced by other groups vary widely | 39 | |
| 512071677 | Himalayan Art: Even though the 4 cultural regions are all in the Himalayan Region they each have ________ views on the environment. What are the 4 different religions in this region? All four are relatively close but _________ keep them isolated from one another | distinctive Buddhist Hindus Muslim Animist mountains | 40 | |
| 512071678 | Himalayan Art: What part of the Himalayas are the Buddhists in? Hindus? Muslims? Animists? | North South West Southeast | 41 | |
| 512071679 | Himalayan Art: What does Buddhist art portray? Hindus? Muslims? Animist? | Idealized figures- some figures are scary looking reflect harsh environment daily life, deity in daily life-art reflects harsh environment no animate objects in art- do not depict harsh environment art represents religion-not local environment | 42 | |
| 512071680 | Himalayan Art: What do Buddhist art and Hindus art have in common? What do Muslim art and Animist art have in common? | depicts harsh environment doesn't depict harsh environment | 43 | |
| 512071681 | Beliefs and Folk House Forms: Forms of ______ houses may come from religious values or customary beliefs. What are spaces called when they have a religious value? | folk Sacred Space | 44 | |
| 512071682 | What are 5 examples of sacred space? | In Java front doors face south In Fiji/China east wall is sacred In Madagascar main door faces west and important guests enter north and are seated on north wall In Lao beds arranged perpendicular to ridgepole and children who build a home next to parents sleep with their heads pointing to parents feet. In Thailand people sleep with heads facing eat and no staircases can face west | 45 | |
| 512071683 | Folk Housing: As settlers moved ______ their housing showed the distinctive _____ culture traditions You could tell where settlers were _______ or ___________from looking at their style of house. | west folk from descended | 46 | |
| 512071684 | What type of folk house was from the Lower Chesapeake? Name 4 characteristics of that house. | Tidewater Style Steep roofs 2 chimneys southeast coastal areas brick foundations or raised on piers in wet areas | 47 | |
| 512071685 | What type of folk house was from the Middle Atlantic? Name 3 characteristics of the house. Where did the style move? | I house 2 stories gables most popular style in eastern US Ohio valley and Appalachia | 48 | |
| 512071686 | What type of folk houses are from New England? Name 4 types. Where did they move to? | Saltbox Two Chimney Cape Cod Front Gable and Wing moved westward to the great lakes | 49 | |
| 512071687 | What 3 places does popular culture flourish? People in MDCs have the ________+_________+__________=popular culture | where people have sufficient income sufficient leisure time acquire the elements of and make use of popular culture money time inclination | 50 | |
| 512071688 | Spatial distribution of wine shows what? 3 | that environment, food customs, and cultural elements play a role in distribution | 51 | |
| 512071689 | In MDCs clothing often reflects what 2 things? Name example of each. | Occupation lawyers factory workers Income fashion, functionality | 52 | |
| 512071690 | What is it called when more people dress the same worldwide less cultural uniqueness? | globalization | 53 | |
| 512071691 | Popular Housing Folk housing is based on ________. Popular housing is based on _______. What are the 2 eras of popular housing? When did they happen? | function fashion Modern 1945-1960 Neo-Eclectic post 1960 | 54 | |
| 512071692 | What era is the Minimal Traditional in? Name 4 characteristics of it. | Modern late 1940s and 1950s simliar to Tudor style one story modest/few details | 55 | |
| 513364424 | What era is the Ranch in? Name 5 characteristics of it. | modern Replaced minimal traditional in 1950s one story long side parallel to street larger lot size needed garage | 56 | |
| 513364425 | What era is the split level in? Name 5 characteristics of it. | Modern 1950s-1970s variant of ranch lower level consisted of family room living areas lower level bedrooms upper level | 57 | |
| 513364426 | What era is the Contemporary in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Modern 1950s to 1970s architect designed flat or pitched roofs | 58 | |
| 513364427 | What era is the Shed in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Modern popular in late 1960s high pitched shed roofs appearance of geometric forms | 59 | |
| 513364428 | Name 2 characteristics of the Neo-Eclectic era. | Began in late 1960s surpassed modern style homes in 1970s | 60 | |
| 513364429 | What era is the Mansard in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Neo Eclectic 1st popular neo eclectic style shingled covered 2nd story walls sloped inward and merged with roofline | 61 | |
| 513364430 | What era is the Neo-Tudor in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Neo Eclectic 1970s dominant steep pitched front facing gables half timbered detail | 62 | |
| 513364431 | What era is the Neo-French in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Neo Eclectic late 70s early 80s dormer windows with rounded tops high hipped roofs | 63 | |
| 513364432 | What era is the Neo Colonial in? Name 3 characteristics of it. | Neo Eclectic Adaptation of English colonial houses continuously popular since 1950s but never dominant large great room replaces family room | 64 | |
| 513364433 | What are 2 reasons why television is significant in popular culture? | most popular leisure time most common method of diffusing popular culture | 65 | |
| 513364434 | TV developed simultaneously in what 6 countries? | UK France Germany Japan Soviet Union US | 66 | |
| 513364435 | Diffusion of TV: In the early years almost all broadcasting originated where? In _____, US had __% of world's 37 million TV. ___ TV sets per 1000 people in US. In _____, US had more TVs per capita than everyone except who? In _____, All ________ equal with ____s, What rate was increasing? | US 1954 86% 200 1970 Canada 2005 MDCs LDCs ownership rate | 67 | |
| 513364436 | Diffusion of Internet: Same pattern as TV but what? In ______, __ million users worldwide; 23 million in US. In ______, US usage went up from _% to __% in 2000. Total users increased to what? In ______, world usage went up to ___ billion. & US usage was at 74%. | much faster rate 1995 40 2000 9 44 361 million 2008 1.6 | 68 | |
| 513364437 | Diffusion of Facebook. Name 4 facts about it. | founded in 2004 2009- 200 million users US leads in usage becoming a leading agent of diffusion | 69 | |
| 513364438 | Popular Culture-Threat to Folk Culture: As incomes rise in LDCs people become more likely to purchase what? Loss of folk culture is seen as the 1st step to losing what? If popular culture generally originates in Western MDCs then an adoption of this culture leads to a dominance of what? | popular culture items societies traditional values western perspectives | 70 | |
| 513364439 | Loss of Traditional Values Change from traditional material culture to popular material culture is the precursor to what? Why would a leader in an LDC wear a business suit?3 | adoption of different values power good relations with the west leader could be viewed as sell out | 71 | |
| 513364440 | Clothing and Women: Popular cultural clothing might threaten the culture of what? Common in ______ culture. The contact with popular culture has had some negative effects like what? | subservience of women to men folk prostitution | 72 | |
| 513364441 | Threat of Foreign Media Influence: LDC leadership might see a dominance of _______ _________ as a threat to their leadership. | popular culture | 73 | |
| 513364442 | Western Control of Media: What 3 MDCs dominate TV industry in LDCs? Who do they dominate? American TV presents American beliefs and social forms: including 4 | US dominates Latin America UK dominates Africa Japan dominates South Asia and East Asia upward social mobility freedom of women glorification of youth stylized violence | 74 | |
| 513746444 | What are 2 examples of sanitizing TV? In countries where sanitizing TV is popular what 4 things do they emphasize and avoid? | In Asia there is no MTV or censor objectionable video In the Middle East there is no porky pig emphasizes family values and avoids controversial cultural, economic, and political issues | 75 | |
| 513746445 | Media/News Ownership Who owns US TV stations? How do they make profit Who owns TV stations in LDCs? Government ownership means government control of what? Which would do what? In many LDC countries what is the only reliable news? | privately owned and government licensed advertisements government information censored biased unreliable information British Broadcasting Cooperation | 76 | |
| 513746446 | Lack of Sufficient Funds and Media/News Outlets No money= no what? LDCs must do what because of this? What are the two places LDCs buy their news? How do LDC countries feel about these media outlets? Why do they feel this way? | no private ownership of media buy media Associated Press Reuters do not provide accurate fair balanced views of LDCs focus on bad | 77 | |
| 513746447 | Technology and Diffusion of Media/News 50 years ago LDCs were not concerned about the outside influence of media/news outlets...why? How has technology changed this? How do governments prevent this? What are 3 examples of countries? | limited distance of television signals satellites and internet governments may ban or limit satellites China Singapore Saudi Arabia | 78 | |
| 513746448 | What forms of communication technology threaten government control of media? Often governments are forced to set what? This means they can what? & that leads to what? | All controls on media accessibility to control the flow of information can control info to increased resistance of population | 79 | |
| 513746449 | What culture is less likely to be influenced by the environment? What culture leads to a uniformity of landscape? | popular popular | 80 | |
| 513746450 | What does popular culture do to the environment? It can be _______ rather than springing forth from it. | modify or control the environment imposed | 81 | |
| 513746451 | What is the loss of uniqueness in a cultural landscape- one place looks like the next called? | placelessness | 82 | |
| 513908622 | Uniform Landscapes The distribution of popular culture around the world tends to produce more what? In fact, promoters of popular culture want a uniform culture appearance to what? The diffusion of what is a good example of uniformity? The success of fast food restaurants depends on what? | uniform landscapes generate product recognition and greater consumption fast food restaurants large scale mobility | 83 | |
| 513908623 | Uniformity Uniformity in the appearance of the landscape is promoted by a wide variety of what? These structures are designed so that both local residents and visitors what? Diffusion of popular culture across earth is _____________ to products that originate in North America. What is an example of this? | other popular structures immediately recognize the purpose of the building not confined Japanese automobiles and electronics | 84 | |
| 513908624 | Environmental Problems with Cultural Globalization What are the two problems with popular culture is creating? | Accelerated resource use through accelerated consumption pollution | 85 | |
| 513908625 | Environmental Problems with Cultural Globalization Diffusion of some popular customs increases demand for what? Increased demand for some products can strain the capacity of what? With a large percentage of the worlds population undernourished, some question what? ____ lbs of _______ for 2.2 lbs of beef | raw materials of the environment inefficient use of grain to feed animals for eventual human consumption 22 grain | 86 |