Campbell Biology 7th Edition Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1999030231	exocytosis	the movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane	0
1999030232	facilitated diffusion	the passage of a substance through a specific transport protein across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient	1
1999030233	hypertonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution (causes shrinking)	2
1999030234	hypotonic solution	A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution (causes swelling)	3
1999030235	induced fit	the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme, caused by entry of the substrate, so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.	4
1999030236	isotonic solution	a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on passage of water in or out of the cell	5
1999030237	kinetic energy	the energy of motion / the energy of a mass of matter that is moving	6
1999030238	noncompetitive inhibitor	a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme without entering an active site. by binding elsewhere on the enzyme, a noncompetitive inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.	7
1999030239	concentration gradient	a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases	8
1999030240	diffusion	the spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated	9
1999030241	endergonic reaction	an energy-requiring chemical reaction, which yields products with more potential energy than the reactants.	10
1999030242	endocytosis	cellular uptake of molecules or particles via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane	11
1999030243	entropy	a measure of disorder. one form is disorder is heat, which id random molecular motion	12
1999030244	enzyme	a macromolecule, usually a protein, that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction	13
1999030245	exergonic reaction	an energy-releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products	14
1999030246	active site	the part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches; typically a pocket or groove on the enzyme's surface	15
1999030247	active transport	the movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient; needs ATP	16
1999030248	ATP	adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source for cells	17
1999030249	aquaporin	a transport protein in the plasma membrane of some plant or animal cells the facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis)	18
1999030250	cellular respiration	the aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecule; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules	19
1999030251	coenzyme	an organic molecule serving as a cofactor	20
1999030252	cofactor	a nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme	21
1999030253	competitive inhibitor	a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to the enzyme's active site in place of the substrate	22
1999030254	osmoregulation	the maintenance of solute concentrations and the balance of water gain and loss	23
1999030255	osmosis	the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	24
1999030256	passive transport	the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, with no use of energy	25
1999030257	phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs macromolecules, or other cells or particles into its cytoplasm; cellular "eating"	26
1999030258	pinocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles; cellular "drinking"	27
1999030259	potential energy	the energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement	28
1999030260	receptor mediated endocytosis	the movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles	29
1999030261	substrate	A part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes	30