American Pageant Chapter 12 Flashcards

Words Include:
William Henry Harrison
Andrew Jackson
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
Nationalism
Protective tariff
Sectionalism
Noncolonization
Internal improvements
Isolationism
McCulloch v Maryland
Tariff of 1816
American System
Gibbons v Ogden
Bonus Bill of 1817
Dartmouth College v Woodward
Era of Good Feelings
Treaty of 1818
Panic of 1819
Tippecanoe
Monroe Doctrine
Russo-American Treaty of 1824
Missouri Compromise
Treaty of Ghent
Hartford Convention
Tallmadge Amendment

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1876019747	William Henry Harrison	(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.	0
1876019748	Andrew Jackson	..., ..., The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.	1
1876019749	Washington Irving	American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820).	2
1876019750	James Fenimore Cooper	1st truly American novelist noted for his stories of Indians and the frontier life; man's relationship w/ nature & westward expansion	3
1876019751	Nationalism	A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country	4
1876019752	Protective Tariff	A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods	5
1876019753	Sectionalism	Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict.	6
1876019754	Noncolonization	Noncolonization is part of the Monroe Doctrine that was written in 1823. Noncolonization said that America was closed to anymore colonization. A colonization attempt by anyone would be deemed a threat to the United States. It was created by the U.S. to protect the Western Hemisphere.	7
1876019755	Internal Improvements	Henry Clay developed a plan for profitable home markets called the American System in 1824. It enforced a protective tariff to get funding for transportation improvements. These improvements would be the construction of better roads and canals. This would allow industrialization to prosper since the raw materials of the South and West could easily and inexpensively get to the North and East to be manufactured. The manufactured goods could then be shipped back out to the South and West.	8
1876019756	Isolationism	A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations. George Washington's Idea.	9
1876019757	McCulloch v. Maryland	(1819) the Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over the state government. Chief Justice John Marshall held that congress had certain implied powers in addition to the powers enumerated in the constitution "The power to tax is the power to destroy."	10
1876019758	Tariff of 1816	1st protective tariff; helped protect American industry from competition by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.	11
1876019759	American System	An economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power.	12
1876019760	Gibbons v. Ogden	(1824) "steamboat case" U.S. Supreme Court decision reinforcing the "commerce clause'' (the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce) of the Constitution; Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against the State of New York's granting of steamboat monopolies.	13
1876019761	Bonus Bill of 1817	Securing funding for roads and canals was hard. This bill was passed by Congress to give states $1.5 million for internal improvements, but it was immediately vetoed by Pres. Madison. In his opinion, he believed states should pay for their own improvements.	14
1876019762	Dartmouth College v. Woodward	...	15
1876019763	Era of Good Feelings	A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.	16
1876019764	Treaty of 1818	A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britain and U.S. It permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint occupation of untamed Oregon country. Surprisingly, neither Britain or America had to surrender rights or claims for this to occur.	17
1876019765	Panic of 1819	1st major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. Also risky lending practices of the state and local banks led to overspeculation on lands in west- the national bank tightened its credit lending policies and eventually forced these state and local banks to foreclose mortgages on farms, which resulted in bankruptcies and prisons full of debtors.	18
1876019766	Tippiecanoe	after a failed attempt on General henry harrison's life, Harry retailiates and kills everyone in the native american village.	19
1876019767	Monroe Doctrine	1823 - Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. It also declared that a New World colony which has gained independence may not be recolonized by Europe. (It was written at a time when many South American nations were gaining independence). Only England, in particular George Canning, supported the Monroe Doctrine. Mostly just a show of nationalism, the doctrine had no major impact until later in the 1800s.	20
1876019768	Russo-American Treaty of 1824	This treaty between Russia and America set the southern borders of Russian holdings in America at the line of 54 degrees- 40', the southern tip of Alaska., Defined Russian claims to the Oregon territory, fixing the southernmost border of present-day Alaska.	21
1876019769	Missouri Compromise	"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.	22
1876019770	Treaty of Ghent	December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.	23
1876019771	Hartford Convention	1814 meeting of anti-war Federalists that proposed amendments to keep power in New England (/break up the Virginia dynasty) and hinted that they might secede if they didn't get demands	24
1876019772	Tallmadge Amendment	(JMon) , This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.	25
1876019773	Cohen v. Virginia	..., The Cohen's were a Virginia family accused of selling lottery tickets illegally. The Virginia Supreme Court found the Cohen's guilty, so they appealed to the Supreme Court in 1821. Virginia won in having the Cohen's convicted. Virginia lost in that Judge Marshal made it so that the federal Supreme Court had the right to review any decision involving powers of the federal government. This was a major blow on states' rights.	26
1876019774	Twelfth Congress	met in 1811; the "war hawks" wanted to go to war with the British and wanted to eliminate the Indian threats to pioneers.	27
1876019775	Warhawks	This term was given to members of the U.S. Congress who strongly supported American participation in the War of 1812. The most adamant were Western and Southern members, including Speaker of the House Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun. By 1811, these young Congressmen called for war against Great Britain as the only way to defend the national honor and force the British to respect America's neutral rights.	28