Chapter 6 AP Bio Vocab Flashcards

1797618406	Basal body	a eukaryotic cell structure that may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagella	0
1797618407	Cell wall	a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists	1
1797618408	Centriole	a structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern	2
1797618409	Centrosome	structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule organizing center	3
1797618410	Central vacuole	a membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development	4
1797618411	Chloroplast	an organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water	5
1797618412	Chromatin	the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome	6
1797618413	Chromosome	a cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells	7
1797618414	Cilia	short cellular appendages containing microtubules that can be used for locomotion or sensory and signaling roles	8
1797618415	Actin	a globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other forming microfilaments in muscle cells	9
1797618416	Collagen	a glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of cells that forms strong fibers found extensively in connective tissue and bone	10
1797618417	Contractile Vacuoles	a membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain fresh water protists	11
1797618418	Cortex	the outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane	12
1797618419	Cristae	folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP	13
1797618420	Cytoskeleton	a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions	14
1806272179	Cytoplasm	the contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane	15
1806275163	Cytoplasmic Streaming	a circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells	16
1806276656	Cytosol	the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm	17
1806301010	Dynein	in cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella	18
1806303062	Endomembrane System	the collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell	19
1806304590	Endoplasmic Reticulum	an extensive membraneous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions	20
1806305925	Eukaryotic Cell	a type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles	21
1806308393	Extracellular Matrix	the substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells	22
1806322125	Fibronectin	a glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix	23
1806327541	Flagella	long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion	24
1806330357	Food Vacuoles	a membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell	25
1806332605	Glycoprotein	a protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it	26
1806338915	Golgi Apparatus	an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum	27
1806342047	Granum	a stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast that function in the light reactions of photosynthesis	28
1806347665	Integrin	a transmembrane receptor protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in animal cells	29
1806349391	Intermediate Filament	a component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments	30
1806354043	Lysosome	a membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells	31
1806356665	Microfilament	a cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell	32
1806358143	Microtubule	a hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella	33
1806359475	Middle lamella	in plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells	34
1806360626	Mitochondria	organelles in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration	35
1806361927	Mitochondrial matrix	the compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle	36
1806363611	Motor proteins	a protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell	37
1806365326	Myosin	a type of protein filament that acts as a motor protein with actin filaments to cause cell contraction	38
1806366463	Nucleoid	a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell	39
1806367609	Nuclear envelope	the double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm	40
1806369568	Nuclear lamina	a netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus	41
1807258720	Nucleolus	a specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes, ribosomal proteins, and ribosomal subunit assembly	42
1807260156	Nucleus	the chromosome containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell	43
1807261801	Peroxisome	an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide	44
1807263304	Phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell	45
1807264591	Plasma Membrane	the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective a barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition	46
1807267315	Plasmodesma	an open channel in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell	47
1807268745	Plastid	one of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Found in the cells of photosynthetic organisms.	48
1807271402	Primary cell wall	in plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell	49
1807272879	Prokaryotic cell	a type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles	50
1807275234	Proteoglycan	a glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells	51
1807398929	Pseudopodia	cellular extensions of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding	52
1807401024	Ribosomes	a complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm	53
1807402915	Rough ER	that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes	54
1807404143	Secondary cell wall	in plants, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support	55
1807409372	Smooth ER	the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes	56
1807414932	Stroma	within the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water	57
1807417281	Thylakoid	a flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast that contains the molecular machinery used to convert light energy to chemical energy	58
1807419899	Vesicles	sacs made of membrane in the cytoplasm	59