APUSH Chapter 10-13 Flashcards Flashcards

1006543275	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.	0
1006543276	Judiciary Act of 1789	In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.	1
1006543277	Assumption	Economic policy of Alexander Hamilton where the central government would assume the debts of all the states. It would tie the states closer to the federal government.	2
1006543278	Tariff	A government tax on imports or exports	3
1006543279	Excise tax	A taxed, proposed by Hamilton that placed a tax on a few domestic items, such as whiskey. This angered some farmers who know had to pay tax on their whiskey and made it difficult to trade it. This caused minor rebellions which were squashed because of the fright of a rebellion.	4
1006543280	Bank of the United States	Hamilton's plan to solve Revolutionary debt, Assumption highly controversial, pushed his plan through Congress, based on loose interpretation of Constitution	5
1006543281	Whiskey Rebellion	1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers	6
1006543282	Neutrality Proclamation	a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict	7
1006543283	Jay's Treaty	1794 - It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. It was unpopular with most Americans because it did not punish Britain for the attacks on neutral American ships. It was particularly unpopular with France, because the U.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals.	8
1006543284	Farewell Address	1796 speech by Washington urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations	9
1006543285	XYZ Affair	(JA) , incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues	10
1006543286	Convention of 1800	A conference between the U.S. and France which ended the naval hostilities.	11
1006543287	Alien & Sedition Acts	Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government	12
1006543288	VA and KY Resolutions	Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.	13
1006543289	Revolution of 1800	Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.	14
1006543290	Patronage	Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support	15
1006543291	Marbury v. Madison	(1803) Marbury was a midnight appointee of the Adams administration and sued Madison for commission. Chief Justice Marshall said the law that gave the courts the power to rule over this issue was unconstitutional. established judicial review	16
1006543292	Louisiana Purchase	1803 - The U.S. purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from Napoleon for $15 million. Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans (both were valuable for trade and shipping) and also room to expand. Napoleon wanted to sell because he needed money for his European campaigns and because a rebellion against the French in Haiti had soured him on the idea of New World colonies. The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase.	17
1006543293	Impressment	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service	18
1006543294	Chesapeake affair	1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology.	19
1006543295	Embargo Act	1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.	20
1006543296	War hawks	Congressman from the South and West who pushed for war against the British	21
1006543297	John Marshall	American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.	22
1006543298	Lewis & Clark	2 American explorers who explored the Louisiana purchase and discovered valuable information with the help of Sacagawea	23
1006543299	Aaron Burr	Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel	24
1006543300	James Madison	1808 and 1812; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the War of 1812, let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States	25
1006543301	Tecumseh	-Shawnee leader who attempted to organize an indian confederacy to prevent the loss of additional territory to American settlers.	26
1006543302	Battle of New Orleans	Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.	27
1006543303	Treaty of Ghent	December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.	28
1006543304	Hartford Convention	Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence	29
1006543305	Era of Good Feelings	A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.	30
1006543306	Land Act of 1820	Fueled the settlement of the Northwest and Missouri territories by lowering the price of public land. Also prohibited the purchase of federal acreage on credit, thereby eliminating one of the causes of the Panic of 1819.	31
1006543307	Missouri Compromise	"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.	32
1006543308	McCulloch v. Maryland	Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law	33
1006543309	Loose construction	Belief that the government can do anything that the Constitution does not prohibit	34
1006543310	Gibbons v. Ogden	Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government	35
1006543311	Fletcher v. Peck	Supreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution	36
1006543312	Dartmouth v. Woodward	1819--New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.	37
1006543313	Adams-Onis Treaty	(1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory	38
1006543314	Monroe Doctrine	(1823) A political policy of the United States by President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere is closed to European interference.	39
1006543315	James Monroe	1816 and 1820; Democratic-Republican; his time in office is described as "The Era of Good Feelings," notable events include the Missouri Compromise, the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine, the acquisition of Florida from Spain, and several transportation improvements.	40
1006543316	Spoils system	A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.	41
1006543317	Tariff of Abominations	1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.	42
1006543318	Nullification Crisis	Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.	43
1006543319	Indian Removal Act	(1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' lands in exchange for their relocation to what would become Oklahoma.	44
1006543320	Trail of Tears	(1838-39) an 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost one-fourth of the Cherokee people	45
1006543321	Alamo	A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force.	46
1006543322	John Quincy Adams	(1767-1848) Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was the sixth president of the United States and later became a representative in Congress.	47
1006543323	Andrew Jackson	(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," banks, spoils system, trail of tears	48
1006543324	Daniel Webster	- Leader of the Whig Party, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850	49
1006543325	Martin Van Buren	(1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt.	50
1006543326	William Henry Harrison	(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.	51
1006543327	Henry Clay	Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state	52