Cambell Biology 9e, Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards

578227536	basal body	a eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a 9+0 arrangement of microtubule triplets, may organize the microtubule assembly of a cillium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole	0
578227537	mitochondrion	an organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as a site of cellular respiration	1
578227538	cell wall	a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists	2
578227539	cellular metabolism	the totality of the chemical reactions in a cell	3
578227540	central vacuole	a large membranous sack with diverse roles and growth storage and sequestration of toxic substances	4
578227541	nuclear envelope	the double membrane that surrounds a nucleus, continuous with the ER	5
578227542	nucleoid	a non-membrane bound region in a prokayrotic cell where the DNA is concentrated	6
578227543	nucleus	the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosome made up of chromatin	7
578227544	organelle	any of membrane enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells	8
578227545	peroxisome	an organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide	9
578227546	prokaryotic cell	a type of cell lacking a membrane enclose nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles	10
578227547	ribosome	a complex of rRNA and protein molecules that function as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, has subunits	11
578227548	rough ER	the portion of the ER with ribosome attached	12
578227549	scanning electron microscope (SEM)	a microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a specimen to form a 3D image of it	13
578227550	smooth ER	the portion of the ER that is free of ribosomes	14
578227551	stroma	the dense fluid within the cholorplast surrounding the thykaloid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA	15
578227552	thylakoid	a flatteed, membranous sac inside of the chloroplast, often exist in stacks called grana that are interconnected	16
578227553	vacuole	a membrane bround vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells	17
578227554	transmission electron microscope (TEM)	a microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms and is primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells	18
578227555	plasma membrane	the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition	19
578227556	nucleolus	a specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm	20
578227557	centriole	a structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern	21
578227558	cell theory	the theory that states that the cell is the fundamental structure of life	22
578227559	chloroplast	an organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protist that absorb sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water	23
578227560	chromatin	The complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes	24
578227561	chromosome	a cellular structure carrying genetic material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells	25
578227562	cilium	a short appendage containing microtubules and eukaryotic cells, a motile one is specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell, in a 9+2 arrangement	26
578227563	cristae	The inner foldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion	27
578227564	cytoplasm	The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotic cells, the portion exclusive of the nucleus	28
578227565	cytoskeleton	a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions	29
578227566	vesicle	a membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukarytoic cell	30
578227567	transport vesicle	a small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell	31
578227568	electron microscope	And microscope that uses nine magnets to focus a bean of electrons through specimen getting a higher resolution of an image better than a light microscope	32
578227569	endomembrane system	The collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell	33
578227570	endoplasmic recticulum	An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions	34
578227571	endosymbiosis	This theory that states a early prokaryotic cell entered a eukaryotic cell and grew and lived in the environment of the eukaryotic cell living in symbiosis	35
578227572	eukaryotic cell	The type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles	36
578227573	extracellular matrix	The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycan synthesized and secreted by the cells.	37
578227574	flagella	A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, In a 9+2 arrangement.	38
578227575	glycoproteins	a protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.	39
578227576	Golgi apparatus	And organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membrane is sex that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products	40
578227577	granum	a stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplasts, function in photosynthesis	41
578227578	integrin	In animal cells, a transmembrane receptor protein with two subunits that interconnects the extracellular matrix in the cytoskeleton	42
578227579	Intermediate filament	a components of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments	43
578227580	Intermembrane space	The space in between the two plasma membranes of the mitochondria	44
578227581	Light microscope	An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens	45
578227582	Lysosome	An enzyme that destroys bacterial cell walls	46
578227583	Microfilament	a cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell making up part of the cytoskeleton	47
578227584	Micrograph	A photograph taken by means of a microscope	48
578227585	Microtubule	a hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton	49
578227586	Mitochondrial matrix	The space of a mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane	50