Reformation Flashcards
Reformation unit for Honors Euro Studies
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| 293525813 | Who were pre-reformers? | Hus, Erasmus, Wycliff, Moore. | 0 | |
| 293525814 | What did Hus believe? | Urged for elimination of worldliness and corruption of clergy and attacked excessive power of papacy within church. | 1 | |
| 293525815 | What did Wycliff belive? | Thought there was nothing in scripture that gave popes power and urged that the bible be the sole authority and written in vernacular, he also condemned pilgrimages, the veneration of Saints, a whole series of rituals and rites that had developed in medieval churches. | 2 | |
| 293525816 | What were Wycliff's followers called? | Lollards. | 3 | |
| 293525817 | What did Erasmus write? Who was it aimed at? | In Praise of Folly. It was insulting the church, especially the monks. | 4 | |
| 293525818 | What did Moore write? | Utopia. | 5 | |
| 293525819 | What are indulgences? | Slips of paper that forgive all your sins. | 6 | |
| 293525820 | Who sold indulgences? | Pope Leo X. | 7 | |
| 293525821 | What did Johanna Tetzel do for Pope Leo X? | He made jingles for selling indulgences. | 8 | |
| 293525822 | Why did Pope Leo X sell indulgences? | Pope Leo loved the pleasures of life, so he spent a ton of money, eventually resulting in him emptying the treasury. | 9 | |
| 293599250 | Who was a primary reformer of Germany? | Luther. | 10 | |
| 293599251 | What was the center of Luther's childhood? | The church. | 11 | |
| 293599252 | What did Luther first go to school to become? | A lawyer. | 12 | |
| 293599253 | What was the first turning point in Luther's life? | Luther is caught in a giant storm--during the thunderstorm Luther vows himself to God. | 13 | |
| 293599254 | Did Luther hold true to ALL monk practices? | YES! | 14 | |
| 293599255 | What caused Luther to start questioning Christianity? | When he went on a mission to Rome, and saw that Rome was more about making money than it was about religion, and doesn't see how visiting religous sights will bring him closer to God. | 15 | |
| 293599256 | Who was Luther's mentor? | Johanna Von Staupitz. | 16 | |
| 293599257 | What is Luther's main idea? | Don't need the middle man of the church. Your religous relationship should be between you and God not you and the church. | 17 | |
| 293599258 | Who believes the Eucharist is literal? | Luther. | 18 | |
| 293599259 | Who believes the Eucharist is NOT literal? | Zwingli and Calvin. | 19 | |
| 293599260 | Who gives Luther the opportunity to present his ideas infront of Charles V at the Diet of Worms? | Fredrick the Wise. | 20 | |
| 293599261 | What family is Pope Leo X apart of? | Medici. | 21 | |
| 293599262 | Pope Leo X sends what to Luther? | Bill of Excommunication. | 22 | |
| 293599263 | As the messenger carried the Bill of Excommunication closer to Luther, what did he find? | Support for Luther grew. | 23 | |
| 293599264 | What did Luther do to the Bill of Excommunication after receiving it? | He burned it. | 24 | |
| 293599265 | At the Diet of Worms, what is Luther asked to do? | Recant ALL his works. | 25 | |
| 293599266 | Does Luther recant his works? | NO! | 26 | |
| 293599267 | Were the authorities able to come to unanimous decision at the Diet of Worms? If no, what happend after? | NO! Luther was allowed safe passage home to Wittenburg. | 27 | |
| 293599268 | On his way home, where is Luther taken? | Luther is taken to The Wartburg Castle, until things calm down. | 28 | |
| 293599269 | What is the Peace of Augsburg? | -End of the reglious wars in Germany -Lutheranism is granted equal legal standings with Catholicism -Gives German princes ability to determine religion of subjects | 29 | |
| 293599270 | Who was the primary reformer in Switzerland? | Calvin. | 30 | |
| 293599271 | What religious crisis determined the rest of his life? | God coming to him--makes him convinced of inner guidence of God. | 31 | |
| 293599272 | What book did Calvin publish? What was it about? | Institutes of the Christian Religion. Described how to organize and run a protestant church. | 32 | |
| 293599273 | What were Calvin's ideas? | -Must follow Bible to achieve salvation -Salvation is not absolute -Predestination -The church is the institution responsible for preaching the word of God and administering the sacraments | 33 | |
| 293599274 | What two sacraments did Calvin keep? | Eucharist and Baptism. | 34 | |
| 293599275 | Where does Calvin take up a ministry? | Geneva. | 35 | |
| 293599276 | What does the Ecclesiastical Ordinances create? | A church government that uses both clergy adn laymen in the service of the church and a consistory: special body for enforcing moral discipline | 36 | |
| 293599277 | What city becomes a vibrant center of Protestantism? Why? | Geneva, because of Calvin's success. | 37 | |
| 293599278 | Who was the primary reformer of Scotland? | Knox. | 38 | |
| 293627193 | What are Huguenots? | French Calvinists. | 39 | |
| 293627194 | Who is the regent of Charles IX? | Catherine Medici (his mother). | 40 | |
| 293627195 | What does Catherine Medici convince her son of? And what does this lead to? | She convinces her son (King Charles IX) that the Huguenots are plotting to overthrow him under the leadership of Coligny. This leads to the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre. | 41 | |
| 293627196 | What does Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) do to reconcile faithes? | He marries Marie de Medici. | 42 | |
| 293627197 | Who was the English Reformation initiated by? Why? | Henry VIII., because he wanted a divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon (who had failed to give him male heirs), and marry Anne Boleyn. | 43 | |
| 293704744 | Why does the Pope delay Henry's request to divorce his wife? | Church is reliant on the Holy Roman Empire. Catherine's nephew is Charles V (king of H.R.E). | 44 | |
| 293704745 | What two new advisors did Henry VIII instate in place of Wolsey (Pope that delayed his divorce)? | Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell. | 45 | |
| 293704746 | Who was Thomas Cromwell? | The King's principle secretary. | 46 | |
| 293704747 | Who was Thomas Cranmer? | Archbishop of Canterbury adn head of highest ecclesiastical court in England. | 47 | |
| 293704748 | What did the Act of Supremacy declare? | Declared the king supreme ruler of Earth and Church of England. | 48 | |
| 293704749 | What was the Treason Act? | Act that said it was punishable by death if you denied the king as supreme head of church. | 49 | |
| 293704750 | Who challenged the Treason Act? | Thomas Moore. | 50 | |
| 293704751 | Who was Henry VIII's only male heir? | Edward VI. | 51 | |
| 293704752 | During Edward VI's rule, England moves more toward what religion? | Protestantism. | 52 | |
| 293704753 | Who is ruler after Edward VI? | Mary I aka "Bloody Mary". | 53 | |
| 293704754 | Mary wanted to restore England to what religion? | Roman Catholic. | 54 | |
| 293704755 | Who does Mary I marry that makes the people of England dislike her even more? | Philip II of Spain. | 55 | |
| 293704756 | By the end of Mary I's regin England has become more what? | Protestant. | 56 | |
| 293704757 | Who is ruler after Mary I? | Elizabeth I. | 57 | |
| 293704758 | Elizabeth's religious policy was based on what? | Moderation and compromise. | 58 | |
| 293704759 | What is the New Act of Supremacy? | Declared Elizabeth as only supreme governor of England, as well as all spiritual or ecclesiastical things or causes as temporal. | 59 | |
| 293704760 | What did the Act of Uniformity do? | Restored church service of the Book of Common Prayer from the reign of Edward VI, with some revisions to make it more acceptable to Catholics. | 60 | |
| 293704761 | Who was Elizabeth's greatest challenge? | Mary Queen of Scots. | 61 | |
| 293704762 | Elizabeth unofficially encouraged English seamen to do what? | Raid Spanish ships and colonies. | 62 | |
| 293704763 | At the end of Elizabeth's rule Enlgand was what? | A respected adn dominant European country. | 63 | |
| 293704764 | Philip II was counting on what to beat English Armada? | A miracle. | 64 | |
| 293704765 | The defeat of the Spanish Armada guaranteed what? | For the time being England would remain a Protestant country. | 65 | |
| 293718440 | The Counter Reformation was started by who? Why? | Pope Paul III. In order to revive the moral authority of the Catholic church adn to stop the growing popularity of Protestantism. | 66 | |
| 293718441 | What does transubstantiation mean? | The body and blood of Christ, actually changing into the body adn blood of Christ once consumed. | 67 | |
| 293718442 | What was the chief instrument of the Catholic Reformation? | The Jesuits aka Society of Jesus. | 68 | |
| 293718443 | Who founded the Society of Jesus? | Ignatius of Loyola. | 69 | |
| 293718444 | According to Calvin those who were going to heaven were called what? | Elect. | 70 | |
| 297893903 | According to Calvin those who were not going to heaven were called what? | Reprobate. | 71 |