Psychology Themes and Variations 9e Chapter 4 Flashcards

1031996635	stimulation	the stimulation of sense organs	0
1031996636	perception	the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input	1
1031996637	lens	transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina	2
1031996638	nearsightedness	can see close objects but can't see far ones	3
1031996639	farsightedness	can see far objects but can't see close ones	4
1031996640	pupil	hole on the center of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light coming in the eye	5
1031996641	retina	on the back of the eye absorbs light processes images send visual stimulus to the brain	6
1031996642	cones	visual receptors that play a role in daylight and color vision	7
1031996643	rods	visual receptors play a key role in night vision and peripheral vision	8
1031996644	fovea	contains only cones; vision at its best used to help focus	9
1031996645	dark adaptation	the process of the eye become more sensitive to light in the dark (think of the curve)	10
1031996646	light adaptation	eyes become less sensitive to light in the bright	11
1031996647	receptive field	the retinal area that stimulated affects the firing of cells	12
1031996648	optic chiasm	where the optic nerves cross in the brain	13
1031996649	feature detectors	neurons that respond selectively to very specific features	14
1031996650	subtractive color mixing	removing wave lengths of light, like mixing paint	15
1031996651	additive color mixing	superimposing lights putting more light in the mixture than exists in anyone light itself	16
1031996652	color blindness	comes in different forms, di or monochromats	17
1031996653	trichromatic theory	three different types of color receptors with different sensitivities to different wave lengths	18
1031996654	complementary colors	when additively mixed creates gray/white	19
1031996655	afterimage	image that continues to exists even after the stimulus is removed	20
1031996656	opponent process theory	four receptors, rejects trichromatic	21
1031996657	reversible figure	an image that can be seen as two different things, rabbit or duck	22
1031996658	perceptual set	ready to see things a certain way	23
1031996659	inattentional blindness	missing seeing something just because one is so focused on something else	24
1031996660	feature analysis	detecting elements in visual input and assembling them into something complex	25
1031996661	bottom-up processing	progression of individual elements to a whole	26
1031996662	top down processing	a progression from the whole to the elements	27
1031996663	phi phenomenon	the illusion of movement via lots of pictures in rapid succession ie. tv	28
1031996664	proximity	things that are near each other just because they are near (rows of dots)	29
1031996665	closure	people will complete figures to see something known (circle and cat)	30
1031996666	similarity	elements that are similar to be grouped together (the number 2)	31
1031996667	Simplicity	organize elements in the most simple way possible (rectangle and square)	32
1031996668	continuity	see things in a smooth continuation	33
1031996669	perceptual hypothesis	can see something two ways because there is not enough information to process just one, but people will see one if they are told one way or the other	34
1031996670	depth perception	interpretation of visual clues to understand how near and far objects are	35
1031996671	binocular depth	a view created using two eyes	36
1031996672	retinal disparity	right and left see slightly differently to give information about distance pencil test	37
1031996673	monocular depth cues	clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone like something moving towards you	38
1031996674	pictorial depth cues	distance that can be understood in a flat picture	39
1031996675	linear perspective	parallel lines that run into a vanishing point	40
1031996676	texture gradient	texture become less as further distances	41
1031996677	interposition	overlapping objects	42
1031996678	relative size	objects that are the same size the one that is larger is closer	43
1031996679	height in plane	near objects are low distant ones are high	44
1031996680	light and shadow	create dimensions using patterns of light and shadow	45
1031996681	perceptual constancy	being able to experience stable perception in a changing image ie someone walking towards you like the two lines	46
1031996682	convergence	feedback from muscles in your eye ie cross eyed its very close	47
1031996683	cochlea	snail like tunnel in the hear used for hearing	48
1031996684	basilar membrane	runs through the cochlea has the hair cells that are the auditory receptors	49
1031996685	place theory	different places in the basilar hear different low and high tones	50
1031996686	frequency theory	the whole membrane vibrates at that frequency	51
1031996687	sensory adaptation	decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation (olfactory fatigue)	52
1031996688	olfactory system	smell	53