A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development: Cahpter 7 Information Processing Flashcards

A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development: Chapter 7 Information Processing

1997695085	Encoding	Mechanism by which information enters memory	0
1997695086	Automaticity	Ability to process information with little or no effort	1
1997695087	Strategy construction	Discovering new procedure for processing information	2
1997695088	Metacognition	Cognition about cognition, or "knowing about knowing"	3
1997695089	Habituation	decreased responsiveness to stimulus after repeated presentations	4
1997695090	Dishabituation	recovery of a habituated response after change in stimulation	5
1997695091	Memory	retention of information over time	6
1997695092	Processes of memory	How information is encoded, retained, and stored in memory	7
1997695093	Retrieval	Taking information out of storage	8
1997695094	Storage	Retaining information over time	9
1997695095	Implicit Memory	memory without conscious recollection; skills and routine done automatically	10
1997695096	Explicit Memory	conscious memory of facts and experiences; appears after 6 months	11
1997695097	orienting/investigative process	Directs attention to locations ('where') • Recognize objects and their features ('what') • Attention gains flexibility and speed - Sustained (focused) attention increases	12
1997695098	Selective Attention	Focusing on specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others	13
1997695099	Divided Attention	Concentrating on more than one activity at a time	14
1997695100	Sustained Attention	Maintain focus on selected stimulus over prolonged period; called vigilance	15
1997695101	Executive Attention	Focus on action planning, goals, errors and compensation, monitoring, and unknown	16
1997695102	Joint Attention	Individuals focus on same object or event and requires - Ability to track another's behavior - One person directing another's attention - Reciprocal interaction	17
1997695103	Schema Theory	Many reasons for inaccuracy; "we fill in gaps" • People construct and reconstruct memories; mold to fit information already existing in mind	18
1997695104	Schema	Mental frameworks that organize concepts and information; affects encoding and retrieval	19
1997695105	Infantile Amnesia	One cause: immature prefrontal lobe • Adults recall little or none of first three years	20
1997695106	Short Term Memory	Retains information up to 15 to 30 seconds without rehearsal (span is very limited)	21
1997695107	Working Memory	Kind of mental workbench for manipulating and assembling information • Make decisions, solve problems • Comprehend written and spoken language	22
1997695108	Long-Term Memory	Relatively permanent, unlimited type of memory	23
1997695109	Rehearsal	repetition better for short-term	24
1997695110	Organizing	making information relevant	25
1997695111	Imagery	Creating mental images for verbal information	26
1997695112	Elaboration	Engaging in more extensive processing of information; use of examples, self-referencing	27
1997695113	Fuzzy Trace Theory	Two types of memory representations	28
1997695114	Fuzzy Trace Theory:Verbatim memory trace	Precis Details	29
1997695115	Fuzzy Trace Theory:Gist	central idea of information	30
1997695116	Knowledge	Influences what people notice and how they organize, represent, interpret information	31
1997695117	Adulthood Long-term:Explicit	conscious/declarative memory Being at the grocery store and remembering to buy something, or being able to recall events of a movie you've seen	32
1997695118	Adulthood Long-term:Episodic Memory	retention of information about the where and when of events	33
1997695119	Adulthood Long-term Semantic memory	one's knowledge about world including field of expertise	34
1997695120	Adulthood Long-term:Implicit memory	routine skills and procedures performed automatically (unconscious memory) EX: unconsciously remembering how to drive a car, swing a golf club or type on a computer keyboard	35
1997695121	Source Memory	Ability to remember where something is learned. Contexts might be the physical setting, the emotional context, or the identity of the speaker	36
1997695122	Prospective Memory	Remembering to do something in the future EX: remembering to take your medicine	37
1997695123	Thinking	Manipulating, transforming information in memory	38
1997695124	Concept	ideas about what categories represent	39
1997695125	Categorie	Grouping based on characteristics	40
1997695126	Key aspects of infant cognitive development	Attention, memory, imitation, concepts	41
1997695127	Perceptual Categorization	features of objects, such as size, color and movement, as well as parts of objects such as legs for animals.	42
1997695128	Critical Thinking	Grasping deeper meaning of ideas; open minded	43
1997695129	Metacognition	Knowledge about when and where to use particular strategies	44
1997695130	Metamemory	knowledge about memory	45
1997695131	Theory of Mind	curiosity or thoughts about how mental processes work	46
1997695132	Developmental changes: Ages 2 to 3	awareness of emotions, perceptions, and desires	47
1997695133	Developmental changes Age: 5	learn realization of false beliefs	48
1997695134	Developmental changes: Age 7	deepening appreciation of the mind itself	49
1997695135	Developmental changes:Middle and Late Childhood	mind seen as active constructor of knowledge	50
1997695136	Developmental changes:Adolescence	realize ambivalent feelings exist	51
1997695137	Executive functioning	Umbrella-like concept that encompasses a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of brains prefrontal cortex. Involves managing ones thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self control	52