Chapter 7 AP BIO: Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

3014057843	Selective Permeability	Allows substances to cross it easier than others Ex: Plasma membrane	0
3014068312	Amphipathic Molecules	Contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions; making up majority of phospholipids.	1
3014082088	Fluid Mosaic Model	A membrane that is a fluid structure with a "mosaic" of proteins embedded into it.	2
3014085068	Membranes	Composed of proteins and lipids, deducing that membranes like plasma membranes are a phospholipid bilayer.	3
3046878882	Peripheral Proteins	Proteins bound to the surface of a membrane; hydrophilic properties allow interaction with membrane	4
3046890654	Integral Proteins	Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic core of the membrane; amphipathic properties	5
3046896337	Six Functions of Membrane Proteins	Transport:Aquaporins Enzymatic Activity:Sucrase Signal Transduction:Ligand Cell-cell Recognition:Glyoproteins; Glycolipids Intercellular Joining:Desmosomes	6
3046904828	Membrane Carbohydrates	Formation of glycolipids from covalently bonding to a lipid Likewise for proteins (glycoproteins)	7
3046922894	Transport Proteins	Allow movement of hydrophilic substances thru and across a plasma membrane; each protein is UNIQUE and specific for each movement of a substance.	8
3063398818	Recognization	Surface molecules studding the surface such as Carbohydrates distinguish each other in cell-cell recognition / communication.	9
3063410580	Hydrophobic Membrane Ability	Hydrophobic substances like Hydrocarbons can quickly pass through the plasma membrane; they can also dissolve quickly into the Lipid Bilayer; However polar molecules cannot easily cross a membrane.	10
3063430647	Aquaporins	Proteins that facilitate the passage of water; such as molecules of ANP, and ADH	11
3063434646	Carrier Proteins	Changes the shape of molecules that have been bound to them allowing them to move across the membrane. Changes the solute-binding site across a membrane.	12
3063447287	Channel Proteins	Hydrophilic channels that ions or molecules can use as a passage through a membrane.	13
3063452217	Transport Proteins ::	-Disease are caused by malfunction in the systems. Channel Proteins Aquaporins Carrier Proteins	14
3063455441	Diffusion	Tendency for molecules to spread out into available space (the gradient); movement is random and is comparable to a : Mosh Pit	15
3063463907	Concentration Gradient	Difference of concentration in one region compared to another region; no processes are needed because molecules contain Kinetic Energy already.	16
3063472664	Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; water diffuses from a concentration of low gradient to a high concentration gradient.	17
3063493263	Passive Transport	Diffusion of a substance across a membrane; requires no energy because it does this naturally (passively).	18
3063497870	Tonicity	Ability for a cell to gain or lose water; it's controlled through the ability of an solution.	19
3063502667	Isotonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is the same, outside and inside, and has no net water movement (diffusion).	20
3063508464	Hypertonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is greater outside than inside, however the cell lacks water and loses water in turn.	21
3063513886	Hypotonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is less than that inside the cell, in turn the cell gains water.	22
3063532104	Hypo/Hyper-tonic Cell	Creates the osmotic problems within and for organisms, creates cellular inhibitation; Paramecium : Hypertonic to pondwater.	23
3063539165	Osmoregulation	Control of the balance of water, a necessity for adaptation of life in a variety of environments.	24
3063546275	Cell Walls	Useful for maintaining the balance of water In Hypotonic solution: The walls expand and makes the walls rigid. In Isotonic solution: There is no net movement of water making the walls flaccid. In Hypertonic solution: Cells pull away and in turn forming Plasmolysis.	25
3063558983	Facilitated Diffusion	Proteins increase passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane with the usage of transport proteins. Specialized proteins can also move solutes against a gradient.	26
3063577105	Ion Channels	Gates channels that allow and inhibit passage of molecules based on stimulus response.	27
3063582128	Active Transport	Movement of substances against the concentration gradient, uses energy and is performed by specific proteins embedded into the membrane.	28
3063695055	Sodium-Potassium Pump	A active transport system, the active transport performer that does the function.	29
3063702814	Membrane Potential	Voltage distribution and differences across a membrane; ex. Muscles and nervous system.	30
3063705449	Voltage	Formed through distribution differences of positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions.	31
3063710894	Electrochemical Gradient	Two forces that drive diffusion of ios across a membrane; Chemical Force (Concentration gradient) and Electrical Force (Effects of membrane potential on an ion).	32
3063718432	Electrogenic Pumps	Proteins that transport voltages across a membrane; Pumps such as sodium-potassium pumps are major for animal cells, proton-pump is for plants, fungi, and bacteria.	33
3063726982	Cotransport	When a solute undergoing active-transport also drives transportation of another solute indirectly ex. Plants when gradient of H ions produced by proton pumps drive active-transportation of goods into the cell.	34
3063736292	Lipid Bilayer	Allows small molecules and water to enter or leave with transport proteins (or bilayer). Vesicles help carry through large molecules in bulk transport; Bulk transport requires adequate amounts of energy.	35
3063746270	Exocytosis	Process by which transport vesicles bind to membranes; Binding results in the releasing of contents of a the transport vesicle. Secretory cells use this to export end products.	36
3063752613	Endocytosis	Cell absorbs macromolecules through formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane; TL DR complete opposite of exocytosis as well as differing proteins.	37
3063760505	Types of Cytosis	Phagocytosis (Eating) Pinoycytosis (Drinking) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis	38
3063765732	Phagocytosis	Cell engulfs another particle (cell) within a vacuole; the vacuole fuses with lysosomes to digest and breakdown the particle...Metabolic process	39
3063772229	Pinoycytosis	Extracellular fluid is filled into vesicles (tiny membraneous sacs) when molecules are taken up, such as microvili, embryonic cells, and hormonal cells.	40
3063781136	Receptor-Mediate Endocytosis	The binding of ligands to receptors creates a vesicle formation; such as Cholesterol, familial hypocholesterolemia.	41
3063787381	Ligand	Molecules that specifically bind to a receptor site of a molecule.	42