Biology - Campbell, 8th edition, Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 376087496 | Polar molecule | A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on different ends on the molecule. | 0 | |
| 376087497 | Cohesion | the binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. | 1 | |
| 376087498 | Adhesion | The attraction between different kinds of molecules. | 2 | |
| 376087499 | Surface tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecule. | 3 | |
| 376087500 | Kinetic energy | The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter. | 4 | |
| 376087501 | Heat | The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy. Heat is energy its most random form. | 5 | |
| 376087502 | Temperature | A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules. | 6 | |
| 376087503 | Celsius scale | A temperature scale equal to F - 32 that measures the freezing point of water at 0 C and the boiling point of water 100 C. | 7 | |
| 376087504 | Calorie | The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 C; also the amount of heat energy that 1g of water releases when it cools by 1 C. The Calorie usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie. | 8 | |
| 376087505 | Kilocalorie (kcal) | A thousand calorites; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 C. | 9 | |
| 376087506 | Joule (J) | A unit of energy: 1 J = 0.249 cal; 1 cal = 4.184 J. | 10 | |
| 376087507 | Heat of vaporization | The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. | 11 | |
| 376087508 | Evaporative cooling | The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a change of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy from the liquid to the gaseous state. | 12 | |
| 376087509 | Specific heat | The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g ofa substance to change its temperature by 1 C. | 13 | |
| 376087510 | Solution | A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. | 14 | |
| 376087511 | Solvent | The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known. | 15 | |
| 376087512 | Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a soltion. | 16 | |
| 376087513 | Aqueous solution | A solution in which water is the solvent | 17 | |
| 376087514 | Hydration shell | The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion. | 18 | |
| 376087515 | Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water. | 19 | |
| 376087516 | Colloid | A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid. | 20 | |
| 376087517 | Hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. | 21 | |
| 376087518 | Molecular mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. | 22 | |
| 376087519 | Mole (mol) | The number of grames a substance that equals its molecular weiht in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules. | 23 | |
| 376087520 | Hydroxide ion | A water water molecule that has lost a proton; OH-. | 24 | |
| 376087521 | Hydrogen ion | A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). | 25 | |
| 376087522 | Hydronium ion | A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it; H3O+. | 26 | |
| 376087523 | Acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. | 27 | |
| 376087524 | Base | A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. | 28 | |
| 376087525 | Buffers | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. | 29 | |
| 376087526 | Acid precipitation | Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2. | 30 |