Chapter 7 The earth and its people Flashcards

610884143	Moonson	Seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling landmasses of Africa and Asia and the slowly changing ocean waters. These strong and predictable winds have long been ridden across the open sea by sailors, and the large amounts of rainfall that they deposit on parts of India, Southeast Asia, and China allow for the cultivation of several crops a year.	0
610884144	Vedas	four collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans during an early stage of their settlement in India	1
610884145	Varna	(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis)	2
610884146	jaitis	These were guilds of individuals who worked in similar trades, and they functioned as subcastes in India	3
610884147	Karma	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation	4
610884148	moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	5
610884149	Buddah	"The Enlightened One" founder of Buddhism	6
610884150	Mahayana	one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone	7
610884151	Theravada	means "teaching of the elders" and refers to the oldest Buddhist tradition	8
610884152	hinduism	a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural indians in caste system	9
610884153	Mauryan empire	The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes.	10
610884154	ashoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	11
610884155	Mahabharata	A vast epic chronicling the events leading up to a cataclysmic battle between related kinship groups in early India. It includes the Bhagavad-Gita, the most important work of Indian sacred literature.	12
610884156	Bhagavada-Gita	A sacred Hindu text in which a warrior-hero in distress is assured by Lord Krishna, an incarnation of the god Vishnu, that not just Brahmins but also ordinary people could make spiritual process by performing selfless acts throughout their lives.	13
610884157	Tamil kingdom	The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages,which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Arya north. They produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. Elements of Tamil religious beliefs were merged into the Hindu synthesis.	14
610884158	Gupta empire	Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, on a capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture	15
610884159	theater state	Historians' term for a state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies (as well as redistributing valuable resources) to attract and bind subjects to the center. Examples include the Gupta Empire in India and Srivijaya in Southeast Asia.	16