American Pageant Chapter 15 Flashcards

1080940276	Peter Cartwright	Traveling frontier preacher who converted thousands of people.	0
1080940277	Charles Grandison Finney	Greatest revivalist preacher. Led massive revivals. Denounces alcohol & slavery.	1
1080940278	Joseph Smith	Established the Mormon faith.	2
1080940281	Brigham Young	When Joseph Smith died, Young led the Mormons from persecution to Utah. Under his control the community became a prospering frontier theocracy & cooperative commonwealth.	3
1080940282	Horace Mann	Campaigned for more and better schoolhouses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, & an expanded curriculum.	4
1080940283	Noah Webster	Improved textbooks. Lessons prompted patriotism. Developed dictionary that helped to standardize the English language in America.	5
1080940284	William H. McGuffey	Teacher & preacher. Wrote popular lessons for schools that included themes of morality, patriotism, & idealism.	6
1080940285	Emma Willard	Established Troy (NY) female seminary, caused women's schools at the secondary level.	7
1081083284	Mary Lyon	Established Mount Holyoke Seminary.	8
1081083285	Dorothea Dix	Helped to improve conditions for the mentally ill & convinced others that they were not willfully perverse.	9
1081083286	William Ladd	Led the American Peace Society	10
1081083287	T. S. Arthur	Wrote a popular anti-alcohol novel titled, "Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There".	11
1081083288	Neal S. Dow	Thought alcohol should be removed by legislation. Supported Maine Law of 1851 which banned manufacture & sale of liquor in Maine. Many states followed Maine's example.	12
1081083289	Lucretia Mott	Abolitionist & Women's rights activist. Mott & Stanton organized the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY.	13
1081083290	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	Helped to organize the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Advocated suffrage for women. Read a Declaration of Sentiments that declared all men & women were created equal.	14
1081083291	Susan B. Anthony	Lecturer for women's rights. Other advocates for women's rights called Suzy Bs.	15
1081083292	Elizabeth Blackwell	First female graduate of a medical college.	16
1081083293	Margaret Fuller	Edited transcendentalist journal, "The Dial". Took part in a struggle to bring unity & republican government to Italy.	17
1081083294	Grimke Sisters	Championed antislavery.	18
1081179792	Lucy Stone	Retained her maiden name after marriage. "Lucy Stoners" follow her example.	19
1081179793	Amelia Bloomer	Revolted against female attire by wearing "bloomers".	20
1081179794	Seneca Falls, NY, Women's Rights Convention, (1848)	Launched the modern women's rights movement.	21
1081179795	Robert Owen	Founded communal society in New Harmony, Indiana for human betterment but commune failed.	22
1081179796	Brook Farm	Started by those committed to Transcendentalism. Community collapsed in debt. Inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel, "The Blithedale Romance".	23
1081179797	Oneida Community	Lasted 30 years. Produced superior steel & silver plating. Practiced free love, birth control, & selection of parents to promote superior offspring.	24
1081179798	John Humphrey Noyes	Founded the Oneida community	25
1081179799	Shakers	Led by Mother Ann Lee. Prohibited marriage & sexual relations.	26
1081179800	Thomas Jefferson	Invented a new type of plow, a master architect, founded University of Virginia.	27
1081179801	Nathaniel Bowditch	Mathematician. Made writings on practical navigation.	28
1081179802	Matthew F. Maury	Oceanographer. Wrote on ocean winds & currents.	29
1081179803	Benjamin Silliman	Most influential American scientist of the first half of the 19th c. Pioneer chemist & geologist. Taught & wrote at Yale.	30
1081179804	Louis Agassiz	Professor at Harvard. Student of Biology. Insisted on original research, & hated memory work.	31
1081179805	Asa Gray	Professor at Harvard. Made important gains in botany. Textbooks set new standards for clarity & interest.	32
1081179806	John J. Audubon	Painted wild fowl. Illustrated "Birds of America" and "Passenger Pigeons". Audubon Society for the protection of birds was named for him.	33
1081179807	Gilbert Stuart	Artist who painted many portraits of an idealized George Washington.	34
1081179808	Charles Willson Peale	Artist who painted many portraits of George Washington.	35
1081179809	John Trumbull	Artist who pained revolutionary war scenes.	36
1081179810	Hudson River School	Style of painting that excelled in romantic mirroring of local landscapes.	37
1081179811	Louis Daguerre	Perfected the Daguerreotype (Photograph). Gave competition to painters.	38
1081179812	Stephen C. Foster	Created most famous black songs. Published "Old folks at home". Made valuable contribution to American folk music by capturing the plaintive spirit of the slaves.	39
1081179813	Washington Irving	The first American to win international recognition as a literary figure. Published Knickerbocker's History of New York, The Sketch Book, Rip Van Winkle, & The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Used English & American themes. Tried to interpret Europe to America & America to Europe.	40
1081179814	James Fenimore Cooper	The first American novelist to gain world fame & to make New World themes respectable. Wrote The Spy, The Leatherstocking Tales, & The Last of the Mohicans.	41
1081179815	William Cullen Bryant	Wrote Thanatopsis, one of the first high quality poems produced in the U.S. Edited the New York Evening Post, set model for journalism.	42
1081179816	Ralph Waldo Emerson	Poet, philosopher, Transcendentalist, & Lyceum lecturer. Urged American writers to give up European traditions. Stressed self-reliance, self-improvement, self-confidence, optimism, & freedom. Ideals reflected those of expanding America.	43
1081190624	Henry David Thoreau	Poet, mystic, abolitionist, Transcendentalist, & nonconformist. Refused to pay MA poll tax. Wrote Walden: Or Life in the Woods. Believed he should reduce bodily wants to gain time in pursuit of truth. Wrote essay called On the Duty of Civil Disobedience that influenced Ghandi & MLK Jr.	44
1081190625	Walt Whitman	Poet that wrote Leaves of Grass.	45
1081190626	Henry Wadsworth Longfellow	One of the most popular poets ever produced in America. Wrote Evangeline, The Song of Hiawatha, & The Courtship of Miles Standish.	46
1081190627	John Greenleaf Whittier	Poet & abolitionist who wrote against slavery.	47
1081190628	James Russell Lowell	One of America's best poets. Known for political satire in his "Biglow papers", where he condemned the alleged slavery expansion designs of the Polk administration.	48
1081216444	Oliver Wendell Holmes	Taught anatomy at Harvard. Wrote poem called The Last Leaf, meaning the last white indian at the Boston Tea Party, this referred to himself.	49
1081216445	Louisa May Alcott	Wrote the novel Little Women.	50
1081216446	Emily Dickinson	Famous poet who wrote themes of love, death, nature, & immortality.	51
1081216447	William Gilmore Simms	Most noteworthy literary figure produced by the South before the Civil War. Wrote themes that dealt with the Southern frontier & revolutionary war.	52
1081216448	Edgar Allan Poe	Famous poet who wrote The Raven, The Gold Bug, The Fall of the House of Usher, & short horror stories. Helped to create the modern crime novel. Morbid, pessimistic themes contrasted with optimistic American culture.	53
1081226973	Nathaniel Hawthorne	Wrote The Scarlet Letter & The Marble Faun.	54
1081226974	Herman Melville	Wrote Moby Dick.	55
1081226975	George Bancroft	Historian & Secretary of the Navy. Helped to found the Naval academy at Annapolis. Published a superpatriotic history of America to 1789.	56
1081226976	William H. Prescott	Historian who published classic accounts of the conquests of Mexico & Peru.	57
1081226977	Francis Parkman	Historian who wrote volumes about the struggle between France & Britain for mastery of North America.	58