Test 3: Diuretic Agents Flashcards
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| 344345335 | What is the general purpose of diuretics? | They accelerate urine output formation by inhibiting Na and H20 resorption into the blood, to decrease blood volume and blood pressure. | 0 | |
| 344345336 | What are some general side effects of diuretics? | Hypovolemia (by ↓blood volume), acid-base imbalances, dysrythmias (r/t electrolye imbalances). | 1 | |
| 344345337 | Where do the most potent diuretics tend to block resorption? What part of the nephron produces the least diuresis? | PCT produces most diuresis. DCT produces the least. | 2 | |
| 344345338 | Describe filtration r/t nephron action. | It is a nonselective process based upon molecular size that occurs in the glomerulus. It takes substances out of the blood. | 3 | |
| 344345339 | Describe resorption r/t nephron action. | Selective process in which substances (H20, electrolytes, glucose) are returned to the blood. Occurs most in the PCT. | 4 | |
| 344345340 | Describe secretion r/t nephron action. | Selective process occuring in the PCT via active pumps, which moves substances from the blood to urine. | 5 | |
| 344345341 | What substances move at the PCT, and what occurs there? | Resorption of Na, H20. | 6 | |
| 344345342 | What substances move at the Descending Loop of Henle, and what occurs there? | H20 resorption. Urine concentrates. | 7 | |
| 344345343 | What substances move at the ascending loop of henle, and what occurs there? | Na, Ca resorption. No water enters or leaves (it is impermeable). | 8 | |
| 344345344 | What happens at the early DCt, and what occurs there? | Na and Cl resorption with passive H20 resorption. | 9 | |
| 344345345 | What happens at the late DCT and collecting duct, and what happens there? | Na and K exchange due to aldosterone. ADH causes H20 to be resorbed; if not present, H20 is excreted. | 10 | |
| 344345346 | How do osmotic Diuretics work? | Act at proximal tubule and descending loop to create an osmotic force w/i the nephon that keeps water from being resorbed. Used to ↑ renal blood blow (dilates renal arteries), ↓ intracranial pressure and cranial edema, and ↓elevated intraocular pressure (glaucoma). | 11 | |
| 344345348 | When are osmotic diuretics contraindicated? | Drug allergy, severe renal disease. | 12 | |
| 344345350 | What are some side effects of osmotic diuretics? | Edema (causes water to leave at all capillary beds), pulmonary congestion, dehydration. | 13 | |
| 344345354 | How do loop (High ceiling) Diuretics work? | Act at ascending loop to block Cl, Na, and some Ca resorption. Most potent, they promote diuresis even when renal blood flow & GFR are low. Dilates blood vessels to reduce preload and afterload. | 14 | |
| 344345357 | When are loop diuretics indicated? | To treat edema, to control hypertension, and to excrete excess Ca. | 15 | |
| 344345358 | When are loop diuretics contraindicated? What are some interactions? | Contraindicated with hypokalemia (cause K excretion), hyponatremia (cause Na excretion), hypotension. Interacts with NSAIDs (which reduce renal fn), digoxin (which needs normal K levels or else is toxic), and other K-wasting drugs. | 16 | |
| 344345359 | What are some side effects of loop diuretics? | Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, postural hypotension, ototoxic (may be reversible), hyperglycemia (↓insulin release). ↑LDL and ↓HDL, Preg Cat X. | 17 | |
| 344345360 | How do Thiazide/Thiazide-like Diuretics work? | work at DCT to inhibit Na, K, Cl, and H20 resorption. Also dilates arterioles to decrease preload and afterload. | 18 | |
| 344345361 | When are thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics indicated? | To treat heart failure, hypertension, hepatic/renal disease, edema. | 19 | |
| 344345362 | When are thazide diuretics contraindicated? What are some interactions? | Contraindicated w/ renal failure. Digoxin (low K), lithium (delays excretion), NSAIDs (reduce renal fn). | 20 | |
| 344345363 | What are some side effects of thiazide diuretics? | Hypokalemia, hypocalciumia, hyperglycemia (delayed insuline release), impotence/decreased libido. No ototoxicity like loop diuretics. | 21 | |
| 344345364 | How do Potassium Sparing Diuretics work? | Work at late DCT and collecting duct by inhibiting adolsterone (↓H20 and Na retention). AKA aldosterone Inhibiting Diuretics). Spare K, but are weak diuretics. | 22 | |
| 344345365 | When are Potassium Sparing Diuretics indicated? | Indicated for hypertension, hyperaldosteronism (antagonizes aldosterone), and reversing K loss caused by other diuretics. | 23 | |
| 344345366 | When are potassium sparing diuretics contraindicated? What are some interactions? | Contraindicated with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure. Can interact with ACE inhibitors and other K-sparing drugs, K supplements, NSAIDS (which inhibit action). | 24 | |
| 344345367 | What are some side effects of Potassium Sparing Diuretics? | Hyperkalemia, dizziness (r/t dehydration), urinary frequency. | 25 |