Chapter 11 Cell Communication Flashcards

456595215	signal transduction pathway	The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response.	0
456595216	local regulators	These regulators influence cells in the vicinity of them.	1
456595217	hormones	Circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells.	2
456595218	ligand	A molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one.	3
456595219	protein kinase	The enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein.	4
456595220	adenylyl cyclase	Converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to an extracellular signal.	5
456595221	protein phosphatases	Enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins.	6
456595222	second messengers	Small, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion.	7
456595223	inositol triphosphate (IP3)	Produced by cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane.	8
456595224	scaffolding proteins	A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached to increase the efficiency of signal transduction.	9
755973323	reception	The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell.	10
755973324	transduction	The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way.	11
755973325	response	The transduced signal finally triggers a specific cellular response.	12
755973326	G-protein-linked receptor	A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein.	13
755973327	receptor tyrosine kinase	A receptor with enzymatic activity that can trigger more than one signal transduction pathway at once, helping the cell regulate and coordinate many aspects of cell growth and reproduction.	14
755973328	ligand-gated ion channel	Type of membrane receptor that has a region that can act as a "gate" when the receptor changes shape.	15
755973329	diacylglycerol (DAG)	A second messenger produced by the cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane.	16