Biology: Chapter 3 - Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

2722728464	cell theory	theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.	0
2722728465	cytoplasm	jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.	1
2722728741	organelle	membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.	2
2722728742	prokaryotic cell	cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.	3
2722728870	eukaryotic cell	cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.	4
2722728871	cytoskeleton	network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell.	5
2722728972	nucleus	organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA.	6
2722728973	endoplasmic reticulum	interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins.	7
2722729493	ribosome	organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins.	8
2722731128	golgi apparatus	stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins.	9
2722731202	vesicle	small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm.	10
2722731203	mitochondrion	bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.	11
2722731492	vacuole	organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell.	12
2722731544	lysosome	organelle that contains enzymes.	13
2722731545	centriole	small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis.	14
2722731546	cell wall	rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.	15
2722731623	chloroplast	organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll.	16
2722731624	cell membrane	double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell.	17
2722731625	phospholipid	molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids.	18
2722731698	fluid mosaic model	model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.	19
2722731779	selective permeability	condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane.	20
2722731780	receptor	protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response.	21
2722731830	passive transport	movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell.	22
2722731900	diffusion	movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.	23
2722731901	concentration gradient	difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.	24
2722732248	osmosis	diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.	25
2722732249	isotonic	solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.	26
2722732281	hypertonic	solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.	27
2722732282	hypotonic	solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution.	28
2722732374	facilitated diffusion	diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane.	29
2722732375	active transport	energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.	30
2722732550	endocytosis	uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane.	31
2722732551	phagocytosis	uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle; see endocytosis.	32
2722732644	exocytosis	release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.	33