1. Initial: The initial situation is when the beggar, is talking to Penelopeia and swears that Odysseus is safe and very near. (Page 238-243:"...'And so your husband is safe, and he will come soon; he is very near, not fa away, an it will not be long before he returns- I will even swear it upon my oath. Zeus first be my witness and this heath of Odysseus where I take refuge; verily all shall come to pass as I declare. This very lichtgang Odysseus will be here, when the old moon is waning and the new moon is rising.' ") Reversal: