Animal Nutrition Ch. 41 Flashcards

2717896078	____ feed on plant matter	herbivores	0
2717902337	____ get nutrients from consuming animals living and nonliving	carnivores	1
2717902770	____ are what we are, food taken into body and processed as nutrients	omnivores	2
2717929923	three dietary nutritional requirements: -what a diet needs to be able to do	1 derive chemical energy from food 2 provide organic molecules 3 essential nutrients	3
2717937761	chemical energy is used for ______ production	ATP	4
2717953181	we get ___ ATP from one molecules of glucose	32	5
2717938597	organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids ) are raw materials for ______	biosynthesis	6
2717955642	____ is living organisms producing new organic molecules	biosynthesis	7
2717940031	essential nutrients are the building blocks used to build our _______	polymers	8
2717942033	_____ are preassembled organic molecules and minerals that must come from diet	essential nutrients	9
2717942557	essential nutrients are preassembled organic molecules and minerals that must come from ______	diet	10
2717963662	minerals that animals are not able to produce on there own	essential nutrients	11
2717943174	essential nutrients consist of _____, _____,_____ and _____	AA, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals	12
2717944283	essential nutrients are required for ______ pathways	biosynthetic	13
2717946000	_____ are amino acids that cannot be assembled by animals itself -these must come from something else	essential amino acids	14
2717967747	essential amino acids must be consumed _____	daily	15
2717967959	infants require ____ essential AA	9	16
2717966397	we have ______ AA	20	17
2717951463	humans have ____ essential amino acids	8	18
2717960321	complete proteins are ______	animal proteins	19
2717968855	_______ proteins provide all of the essential amino acids	complete	20
2717960322	incomplete proteins are from ______	plant proteins	21
2717969868	____ provide all 8 of those essential AA	soy beans	22
2717978464	the plasma membrane of essential nutrients are made of _____	fatty acids	23
2717979486	____ are organic compounds required in very small amounts	vitamins	24
2717979696	_____ are water soluble that will be flushed	vitamins	25
2717979697	____ are fat soluble that will be stored in tissue of body	vitamins	26
2717981659	_____ are inorganic nutrients required in small amounts -iron and sulfur	minerals	27
2717988948	taking food into the mouth is ____	ingestion	28
2717989433	_____ feeders are in aquatic env. -filtering water out -any sessile animals feed this way	filter feeding	29
2717992687	____ feeders live in or on food source EX: caterpillars live on leaf	substrate feeding	30
2717993628	_____ feeders have a modified mouth part that allows them to pierce host and abstract nutrients EX: mosquitos and aphids	fluid feeding	31
2717997189	____ feeders eat large pieces of food EX: we are, pythons	bulk feeding	32
2718001691	_____ digestion occurs within food vacuoles inside cell itself	intracellular digestion	33
2718001692	intracellular digestion occurs within ______ inside cell itself	food vacuoles	34
2718001693	_____ digestion is the breakdown in compartments contiguous with outside of animal body -outside the tissue of animals	extracellular digestion	35
2718008087	____ is open to the outside world for extracellular digestion -when we take food in it passes through this and the food will pass through chemicals and enzymes to be able to break it down -not part of animals tissue	alimentary canal	36
2718012774	we grind food to increase ______ so digestion enzymes have more area to work on	surface area	37
2718018741	_____ secrete digestive juices to facilitate break down of digestion	accessory glands	38
2718019786	____ glands are the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salanary glands,	accessory glands	39
2718020184	food will be propelled through digestive system by ______	peristalsis	40
2718021105	____ are wave like muscular contractions that push material through digestive track -are smooth muscle	peristalsis	41
2718022267	peristalsis is ____ muscle	smooth	42
2718022924	____ are muscular ring like vowels used to control movement through digestive track	sphincters	43
2718024422	ingestion occurs through ______	oral cavity	44
2718025890	in the oral cavity we see _____ digestion occurring with the secretion of saliva -associated with breaking the food apart with different enzymes	chemical digestion	45
2718027367	____ is the enzymes that breaks down starch in oral cavity of saliva	amylase	46
2718030686	_____ in saliva in oral cavity this is the lubricant, keeps things moving	mucus	47
2718031262	____ in the salvia in oral cavity, inhibits any acids in food and bacteria	buffers	48
2718033397	___ in saliva in oral cavity works on bacteria to clean up -bacteria killer	lysozyme	49
2718033650	tongue has 2 jobs	taste and shape	50
2718036981	in the oral cavity we see ____ digestion occurring in the mouth where the shredding food will be happening -mastication	mechanical digestion	51
2718041750	we have ____ teeth used bite shred and grind food (mastication)	32	52
2718043589	carnivore teeth are ____ these are our predators	sharp	53
2718044254	_____ are the mix of food and saliva that will shape into a ball -swallow and move down esophagus	bolus	54
2718045571	the ____ is the tongue region	pharynx	55
2718047207	there are two openings in the pharynx these are the ____ and _____	trachea and esophagus	56
2718050965	___ is the opening to the lungs -windpipe this will be ventral to the esophagus	trachea	57
2718051356	_____ is the food and water tube	esophagus	58
2718053532	in the esophagus there are peristaltic movement to propel the _____	bollus	59
2718054042	the ____ is the continuation of chemical digestion from mouth	esophagus	60
2718054314	the esophagus is ______ muscle	smooth	61
2718059454	______ is located below the diaphragm	stomach	62
2718060837	the ____ stores food (has sphincters)	stomach	63
2718061209	the folds in stomach increase ______	surface area	64
2718063907	_____ produces gastric juices	stomach	65
2718064609	stomach produces _______ juices	gastric	66
2718067944	chemical digestion in stomach begins with _______ digestion	protein	67
2718068909	gastric juices in stomach contain (2)	1) hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2) pepsin	68
2718075256	____ is going to disrupt the ECM of foods we eat -located in stomach -maintains ph of 2, its going to break down proteins	HCl hydrochloric acids	69
2718077773	___ is going to work best in strong acidic env. in stomach -see protease and pepsinogen	pepsin	70
2718078582	Cl + HCl will come in contact with ______ to form of transformation to ______	pepsinogen to form pepsin	71
2718080495	____ an inactive form protects stomach lining	pepsinogen	72
2718082806	pepsinogen is the _____ form but once comes in contact with HCl it will form ___ (continuing to cleave our proteins)	inactive pepsin	73
2718113726	the mechanical digestion in stomach is done by a ______ action every ____ sec. which will result in the food being tossed around the stomach lining absorbing all the nutrients needed	churning 20	74
2718113727	_____ is ingested food mixed w/ gastric juices in stomach -this will be released into the small intestines	chyme	75
2718113728	in the small intestine ____ is happening every ____ to ___ hrs	peristalsis 2-6 hrs	76
2718144478	____ is the longest compartment of the alimentary canal at about ______ ft	small intestine 20	77
2718145057	there are 3 regions of small intestine	1) duodenum 2) jejunum 3) Ileum	78
2718147754	_____ is the region of the small intestine that connected to stomach	Duodenum	79
2718148686	in the ___ of the small intestine digestion is still occurring	Duodenum	80
2718149772	the region where the small intestine attaches to the large intestine	Ileum	81
2718150582	___ are the regions in the small intestine where absorption is occurring	jejunum and ileum	82
2718151175	in the small intestine ____ digestion and ____ are occurring	chemical and absorption	83
2718155079	***_____ is where fat digestion occur?	small intestine	84
2718156075	***at the end of the small intestine there is nothing left to _______ -no organic molecules -left only water and undigested material (fiber)	digest	85
2718162481	chyme will be released through the stomach into the _____	pyloric valve	86
2718164489	digestive juices are from the ____ which produce bicarbonate and enzymes	pancreas	87
2718166592	the ___ produces bile	liver	88
2718166955	___ is fat emulsifier (separate into smaller drops) -salts	bile	89
2718168756	our body is going from _____ to _____ stomach to duodenum	acidic to basic	90
2718169332	____ stores and concentrates bile	gallbladder	91
2718169642	gallbladder stores and concentrates _____	bile	92
2718170243	______ produce digestive enzymes -continue protein digestion and carb -still digestion occurring	gland cells	93
2718175761	the jejunum and ileum are extremely folded we are going to see ____ which are finger-like projections of intestinal wall	Villi	94
2718177238	the jejunum and ileum there are ____ which are microscopic projections of epithelial cells lining intestinal lumen -absorption of nutrients are ACTUALLY occurring (nothing has come into body until __) -increase surface area within tube	microvilli	95
2718182243	Villi + _____ = 300 m2 (tennis court)	microvilli	96
2718182646	the large intestine is the _____ (wraps around small intestine)	colon	97
2718185730	____ is the pouch at junction of the small and large intestine -we will see fermentation occurring	cecum	98
2718192926	___ is the finger-like extension in large intestine , performing a minor immune function	appendix	99
2718194492	___ is the last region of large intestine leads back into anus	rectum	100
2718195213	___ reabsorbs water and compacts feces	colon	101
2718197431	our ___ is made up of cellulose fibers and bacteria	feces	102
2718198186	our feces is made up of _____ and _____	cellulose fibers and bacteria	103
2718199076	the bacteria in our feces makes up about ______	1/3 of dry weight	104
2718199546	bacteria in feces produce ____	gases	105
2718200283	bacteria in feces produce gases of ___ and _____	methane and hydrogen sulfide	106
2718200893	____ is the terminal portion of large intestine	rectum	107
2718201410	the rectum ---> ____	anus	108
2718202040	there are 2 sphincters of the rectum the inner is ____ and the outer is _____	involuntary voluntary	109