AP World History Chapter 8: Islam 600-1200 Flashcards
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| 2001158688 | Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad | people live on desert outskirts; Sasanids in Euphrates River, Byzantines in Jordan; pastoralists | 0 | |
| 2001158689 | caravan trade | dominated by nomads; traded frankincense and myrrh; used camels and donkeys; Arab nomads learn about other cultures | 1 | |
| 2001158690 | Mecca | caravan and pilgrimage city; too far away from Byzantines, Sasanids, and Ethiopia to be attacked; Muhammad's hometown; defeated by umma 630 | 2 | |
| 2001158691 | Muhammad | born 570; revelations begin in 610; "Messenger of God"; many people think he's possessed by shaitans (demons) or jinns (desert spirits); last prophet; banned from Mecca on the Hijra; dies 632 without plans for succession | 3 | |
| 2001158692 | Hijra | Muhammad and and his followers flee to Medina | 4 | |
| 2001158693 | umma | community of Muhammad's followers; beats Mecca 630 | 5 | |
| 2001158694 | Abu Bakr | continues Muhammad's teachings; 1st calpih after Muhammad; Sunnis; Quran | 6 | |
| 2002778180 | Five Pillars | 1. there is only one god 2. pray five times per day 3. fast during Ramadan 4. giving to charity 5. pilgrimage to Mecca | 7 | |
| 2002778181 | Ali | Shi'ites; passed over for the role of caliph three times; murdered after a confusing battle | 8 | |
| 2002778182 | Shi'ites | secular; Ali's supporters | 9 | |
| 2002778183 | Sunnis | Abu Bakr's supporters; Immams (govt leaders) | 10 | |
| 2002778184 | Kharijites | hate Ali for accepting arbitration after the Battle of the Camel | 11 | |
| 2002778185 | 800 CE | Arabs lose political power | 12 | |
| 2002778186 | conquests | 634-711; capture everything from Spain to Pakistan; doesn't necessarily spread Islam | 13 | |
| 2002778187 | Umar | caliph who says that Arabs can't assume power over conquered land; military camps; garrisons; conquers Syria, Egypt, and the Sasanids | 14 | |
| 2002778188 | Umayyad Caliphate | 661-750; Arab realm; created by Mu'awiya after Ali was murdered; gradually invaded by Shi'ites and Kharijites; converts warriors to Islam; discrimination against non Arabs | 15 | |
| 2002778189 | Abbasid Caliphate | 750-1258; theocratic; Sasanid culture; Baghdad=capital; cosmopolitan Islam; less discrimination against non Arabs; very slow communication | 16 | |
| 2002778190 | Mamaluks | Turkic slaves that become the army; threaten caliph's power; give Turks a bad reputation | 17 | |
| 2002778191 | Buyids | Shi'ite Iranian mountain warriors who invade in 945 | 18 | |
| 2002778192 | African states | 740 Berber Revolts; trade across Sahara; Ghana :) ; Fatimid caliphate in Egypt | 19 | |
| 2002778193 | Fatimid caliphate | conquer Egypt 969; Cairo; makes gold coins | 20 | |
| 2002778194 | Islamic Spain | unique cultural blend; lots of religions flourish here | 21 | |
| 2002778195 | Seljuk Turks | create Turkish Muslim State in 1030s; destroy Byzantines; pastoralism grows; cities weaken; stupid rulers; irrigation/canal damage never fixed | 22 | |
| 2002778196 | Crusades | terrifying; against Muslims; take Jerusalem away from Muslims | 23 | |
| 2002778197 | Mamaluk Sultans | rule Egypt and Syria until 1517; invaded by Mongols in 1258, but they don't leave a cultural mark | 24 | |
| 2002778198 | Shari'ia | Islamic law; created after Muhammad's death; hard to interpret | 25 | |
| 2002778199 | Sunna | tradition | 26 | |
| 2002778200 | Hadith | collection of Sunna ideas and supposed sayings of Muhammad; rituals; answers to legal questions not answered by Quran; very hard to know if its true; Sunnis have 6 books of it, while Shi'ites have 4 | 27 | |
| 2002778201 | conversion | very easy to do; -> urbanization; often involved migration to Arab cities to discover what Islam was actually like | 28 | |
| 2002778202 | Islam society | flexible; cities; long distance trade; knowledge built off Hellenistic foundation | 29 | |
| 2002778203 | women | domestic; veiled; rarely educated or literate; men could have 4 wives; better than Christians and Jews, but still bad; dowry is half of her brother's; dowry is personal money; remarriage is acceptable; birth control; pilgrimage | 30 | |
| 2002778204 | homosexuality | accepted, eh | 31 | |
| 2002778205 | slaves | POWs; not hereditary; non Muslims | 32 | |
| 2002778206 | ulama | scholars; didn't prevent factions from forming | 33 | |
| 2002778207 | madrasas | influential immigrant scholars which led to sufism | 34 | |
| 2002778208 | Sufism (Sufi Brotherhoods) | 12th-13th cent; mystic at first, but quickly grew to include most Muslim men; shrines; tomb pilgrimage | 35 |