Psychology Themes and Variations Chapter 10 Flashcards

1944291179	motivation	goal directed behavior	0
1944291180	homeostasis	state of physiological equilibrium or stability	1
1944291181	drive	internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension	2
1944291182	incentive	an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior	3
1944291183	Madsen's list of biological needs	hunger, thirst sex	4
1944291184	Murray's list of social needs	achievement, affiliation and dominance	5
1944291185	leptin	long-term regulation of hunger, produced by fat cells	6
1944291186	insulin	hormone secreted by the pancreas	7
1944291187	ghrelin	stomach contractions and promotes hunger, produced by stomach	8
1944291188	palatability	the better the food tastes, the more of it people consume	9
1944291189	quantity available	determinant of the amount eaten is the amount available; people tend to consume what is put in front of them	10
1944291190	variety	humans and animals increase their consumption when a greater variety of foods is available (sensory-specific satiety)	11
1944291191	presence of others	individuals eat 44% more when they eat with other people as opposed to eating alone	12
1944291192	obesity	the condition of being overweight	13
1944291193	body mass index	weight in kg/height in meters squared (kg/m^2)	14
1944291194	phases of sexual response	excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasm phase, resolution phase	15
1944291195	excitement phase	level of physical arousal arise rapidly--> muscle tension, respiration, heart rate and blood pressure increase rapidly	16
1944291196	vasocongestion	engorgement of blood vessels during excitement phase	17
1944291197	plateau phase	physiological arousal continues to build but at a slower pace	18
1944291198	orgasm phase	sexual arousal reaches its peak intensity; heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure increase sharply	19
1944291199	refractory period	a time following orgasm during which males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation	20
1944291200	parental investment	what each sex has to invest in terms of time, energy, survival risk and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring	21
1944291201	sexual orientation	a person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex	22
1944291202	heterosexuals	seek emotional relationships with members of other sex	23
1944291203	bisexuals	seek emotional relationships with members of either sex	24
1944291204	homosexuals	seek emotional relationships with members of the same sex	25
1944291205	Kinsey's seven point scale	0 exclusively heterosexual- 6 exclusively homosexual	26
1944291206	achievement motive	the need to master difficult challenges to outperform others and to meet high standards of excellence	27
1944291207	emotion	a subjective conscious experience accompanied by bodily arousal (physical component) and by characteristic overt expressions (the behavioral component)	28
1944291208	affective forecasting	efforts to predict one's emotional reactions to future events	29
1944291209	galvanic skin response (GSR)	increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity	30
1944291210	polygraph	a device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is being questioned	31
1944291211	six fundamental emotions	happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust	32
1944291212	display rules	norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions	33
1944291213	James-Lange Theory	emotion results from one's perception of autonomic arousal	34
1944291214	Cannon-Bard theory	emotions originate in subcortical areas of the brain	35
1944291215	Schachter's two factor theory	people infer emotion from arousal and then label the emotion in accordance with their cognitive explanation for the arousal	36
1957229477	adaptation level principle	our conceptualizations of happiness or satisfaction is relative to our previous experiences	37
1957229478	relative deprivation principle	our conceptualization of happiness is not only defined by our past experiences but also relative to attainments (resources to sustain diet, lifestyle, activities, etc)	38
1957229479	thalamus	sends sensory input along two independent neural pathways (one to the amygdaloid and one to the cerebral cortex	39
1957229480	amygdaloid	emotional and behavioral reaction	40
1957229481	cerebral cortex	conscious interpretation	41
1957229482	appraisal process	what we think is desireable or not desirable for us	42
1957229483	James-Lange	feel afraid because pulse is racing	43
1957229484	Cannon-Bard	thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and ANS	44
1957229485	Schacter's Two Factor Theory	look to external cues to decide what we feel	45
1957229486	evolutionary theores	innate reactions with little cognitive implementation	46
1957229487	motivation	process that influences the direction, persistence and vigor of goal directed behavior	47
1957229488	adaptive significance	we are motivated to engage in behavior that promotes survival advantages	48
1957229489	extrinsic motivation	performing an activity to obtain an external reward or punishment	49
1957229490	intrinsic motivation	performing an activity because you find it enjoyable or stimulating	50
1957229491	drive reduction theory	the push and pull of needs and wants (continuing to return the body to homeostasis)	51
1957229492	instinct theory	many behaviors are biologically "hard wired" such that no learning is required for their expression	52
1957229493	incentive theory	he value of a goal object determined the likelihood of an individual to seek out that object	53
1957229494	arousal theory	individuals engage in behaviors to produce sensory stimulation and reduce bored one (intentional challenges to homeostasis)	54
1957229495	social penetration theory	interactions between people become broader and deeper, self disclosure plays an important role	55