Biology End-of-Course Review Flashcards

532306407	courtship ritual	Behavior that helps attract mates (mating dances, gifts, displays)	0
532306408	prokaryotic	Cell in which DNA is loose - it has NO NUCLEUS; bacteria cell	1
532306409	antigen	Marker on the outside of a pathogen	2
532306410	polygenic	A trait that is controlled by many genes, for example eye color, hair color	3
532306411	endocrine system	Controls hormones (including growth, development)	4
532306412	denature	Protein changes shape, stops working (usually because of high temps.)	5
532306413	estivation	animals go dormant (inactive) during seasons with high temperatures	6
532306414	diploid	cell with 2 of each chromosome type. (human's number is 46)	7
532306415	autotroph	a synonym for producer	8
532306416	incomplete dominance	trait in which the heterozygotes express a blending of the two phenotypes.	9
532306417	catalyst	a molecule (like an enzyme) that speeds up chemical reactions	10
532306418	greenhouse effect	caused by carbon dioxide trapping sun's heat; keeps us warm	11
532306419	mitosis	cell division in which a diploid cell makes another diploid cell.	12
532306420	heterotroph	synonym for consumer	13
532306421	eukaryotic	cell in which DNA is contained inside of a nucleus	14
532306422	angiosperm	plant that has flowers for attracting pollinators	15
532306423	biomagnification	toxins (pesticides, mercury) build-up in food chains and affect top most	16
532306424	haploid	cell with 1 of each type of chromosome (23 in humans); sex cells are this type	17
532306425	homeostasis	maintaining a stable internal environment (plasma membrane's main job)	18
532306426	imprinting	behavior that helps babies attach to mother	19
532306427	osmosis	salt sucks water towards the most concentrated place	20
532306428	gamete	a sex cell - for example sperm, egg, pollen, ova	21
532306429	contractile vacuole	structure inside unicellular protists - regulates water balance	22
532306430	diffusion	substances (minerals, gases, etc) move from high to low concentrations	23
532306431	codominance	trait in which heterozygotes express both phenotypes of their two alleles	24
532306432	autotroph	organism that converts inorganic (inedible) compounds into organic (edible)	25
532306433	ribosome	the site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)	26
532306434	stomata	openings in plants that allow gases to exit/enter	27
532306435	xylem	type of vascular tissue in plants that water travels through	28
532306436	PKU	genetic disorder requiring a special diet	29
532306437	phylogenetic tree	diagram showing evolutionary relationships	30
532306438	pedigree	diagram showing family relationships	31
532306439	meiosis	cell division that makes sex cells	32
532306440	triglyceride	three fatty acids and a glycerol (building blocks of lipids)	33
532306441	habituation	learning to ignore a repeated, meaningless stimulus	34
532306442	antibodies	made by B cells; inactivates the pathogen	35
532306443	consumer, heterotroph	2 words for organisms that must eat other organisms	36
532306444	classical conditioning	two stimuli become closely associated (bell, meat) to elicit same response	37
532306445	B cell	white blood cell that makes antibodies	38
532306446	anaerobic respiration	creates 2 ATP; happens when no oxygen is present	39
532306447	amphibian	type of vertebrate that lives part of its life in water - frogs, salamanders	40
532306448	starch, cellulose	complex carbohydrates found in plants	41
532306449	glycogen	complex carbohydrate found in animals	42
532306450	karyotype	Look at this to see if someone has 3 21st chromosomes (Down's syndrome)	43
532306451	nucleotide	phosphate, sugar, base (building block of DNA)	44
532306452	fermentation	happens after anaerobic respiration; creates lactic acid or alcohol	45
532306453	vascular	ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms have these tissues	46
532306454	protein synthesis	translation is the second part of this process	47
532306455	chloroplast	glucose is made in this organelle	48
532306456	nephridia	structure on annelid worms that collects/excretes nitrogenous waste (pee)	49
532306457	cellular respiration	process that needs oxygen and glucose	50
532306458	photosynthesis	process that needs carbon dioxide and water	51
532306459	punnet square	diagram showing predicted traits of offspring	52
532306460	independent assortment	increases variation - chromosomes move alone during meiosis	53
532306461	insulin	protein that helps regulate blood glucose levels	54
532306462	gymnosperm	type of plant with seeds but no flowers (seeds on cones)	55
532306463	transcription	mRNA copies a gene from DNA that codes for a protein	56
532306464	hemoglobin	protein that carries oxygen in blood cells; it's messed up in sickle-cell anemia	57
532306465	DNA replication	happens before a cell can divide; the process is semi-conservative	58
532306466	active	type of transport that uses energy	59
532306467	passive	type of transport that moves from high to low concentration (ex. diffusion)	60
532306468	carbohydrate	biomolecule that stores energy to be used short-term	61
532306469	lipid	biomolecule that stores energy to be used long-term	62
532306470	codon	group of three nitrogenous bases that codes for an amino acid	63
532306471	tRNA	carries amino acids to the ribosome	64
532306472	abiogenesis (spontaneous generation)	concept supported by Miller and Urey's early Earth experiment	65
532306473	introduced species	usually has a negative impact on an ecosystem because no natural predators	66
532306474	Biuret's	used to test for presence of protein	67
532306475	multiple alleles	Different blood types is an example of a trait controlled by this	68
532306476	homologous chromosomes	A pair of the same type of chromosome (one from mom, one from dad); they line up together during meiosis	69
532306477	enzyme	a catalyst that can be used over and over to speed up chemical reactions	70
532306478	acid rain	caused by burning fuels that release sulfur dioxide into atmosphere	71
532306479	binomial nomenclature	the two name (genus, species) system for giving organisms scientific names	72
532306480	abiotic	any non-living part of the environment that affect living organisms	73
532306481	ozone depletion	caused by the release of CFC's into the atmosphere	74
532306482	germination	a seed sprouts and relies on the cotyledon (endospore) for nutrients	75
532306483	fertilization	the male gamete meets the female gamete (ex. pollen+egg) zygote is formed	76
532306484	mitochondria	cellular respiration happens here	77
532306485	amino acid	Building blocks of proteins - one codon codes for this	78
532306486	Down's Syndrome	disorder caused by non-disjunction of 21st chromosomes	79