Biology Midterm Flashcards
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| 3249018849 | What is biology? | the study of life | 0 | |
| 3249018850 | What is an organism? | anything that has one or more of the characteristics of life | 1 | |
| 3249018851 | what is asexual reproduction? | production of offspring in which the organism inherits all of their chromosomes from a single parent and therefore is identical to that parent. | 2 | |
| 3249018852 | what is sexual reproduction? | production of offspring in which the organism inherits chromosomes from two parents. | 3 | |
| 3249018853 | What are the characteristics of life? | 1) made of 1 or more cells 2) displays organization 3) grows and develops 4) reproduces 5) responds to stimuli 6) requires energy 7) maintains homeostasis 8) adaptions evolve over time | 4 | |
| 3249018854 | What is growth? | process which results in mass being added to an organism | 5 | |
| 3249018855 | What does multicellular mean? | an organism that has more than one cell | 6 | |
| 3249018856 | what does unicellular mean? | an organism that only has one cell | 7 | |
| 3249018857 | What is development? | changes an organism undergoes in its lifetime before reaching an adult form | 8 | |
| 3249018858 | what is stimulus? | Any change in an organism's internal or external environment that causes the organism to react | 9 | |
| 3249018859 | What is homeostasis? | regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life | 10 | |
| 3249018860 | What is energy? | the ability to do work; cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed | 11 | |
| 3249018861 | What is organization? | an orderly structure shown by living things? | 12 | |
| 3249018862 | What is an autotroph? | an organism that captures sunlight or inorganic substances to produce its own food; also known as a producer | 13 | |
| 3249018863 | What is a heterotroph? | an organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms; also known as a consumer | 14 | |
| 3249018864 | What is adaption? | inherited characteristic of a species that develops over time in response to an environmental factor, enabling the species to survive | 15 | |
| 3249018865 | what is evolution? | hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time | 16 | |
| 3249018866 | What are the steps of the scientific method or process? | -observe -form a hypothesis -experiment - gather and analyze data -draw a conclusion | 17 | |
| 3249018867 | What is a hypothesis? | testable explanation of a process | 18 | |
| 3249018868 | What is an experiment? | procedure performed by a controlled setting to test a hypothesis and collect precise data | 19 | |
| 3249018869 | What is something that is known as the "control"? | it is the part in an experiment not receiving the testing factor | 20 | |
| 3249018870 | What is an experimental variable? | the part in an experiment receiving the testing factor | 21 | |
| 3249018871 | What is an independent variable? | The variable that can be changed in a controlled experiment; the tested factor and affects the outcome | 22 | |
| 3249018872 | What is a dependent variable? | factor being measured in the experiment; changes because of the changes in the independent variable | 23 | |
| 3249018873 | What is data? | qualitative or quantitive information gained from scientific investigation | 24 | |
| 3249018874 | What is a theory? | explanation of natural phenomenon based on many observations and investigation over time | 25 | |
| 3249018875 | What is quantitive data? | data collected as numbers | 26 | |
| 3249018876 | What is qualitative data? | descriptions of what our senses detect | 27 | |
| 3249018877 | What is matter? | anything that takes up space and has mass | 28 | |
| 3249018878 | What is an element? | a substance that cannot be broken down into other physical substances by physical or chemical means | 29 | |
| 3249018879 | What is an ion? | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons | 30 | |
| 3249018880 | What are isotopes? | two or more of the same elements having different numbers of neutrons | 31 | |
| 3249018881 | what is an ionic bond? | electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms | 32 | |
| 3249018882 | what is a covalent bond? | type of chemical bond when atoms share electrons | 33 | |
| 3249018883 | What is a peptide bond? | a bond that joins amino acids and proteins | 34 | |
| 3249018884 | what are acids? | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH greater than 7 | 35 | |
| 3249018885 | What are bases? | substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7 | 36 | |
| 3249018886 | What is thee pH scale used for? | to indicate the relative strength of acids and bases | 37 | |
| 3249018887 | What are the characteristics of water? | -good solvent -temperature change -cohesion -dissolver -hydrogen bonds | 38 | |
| 3249018888 | What is polarity? | water molecules joining dissolving; molecules with oppositely charged regions | 39 | |
| 3249018889 | what is a hydrogen bond? | weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen atom | 40 | |
| 3249018890 | What is diffusion? | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | 41 | |
| 3249018891 | What is osmosis? | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane | 42 | |
| 3249018892 | what are polymers? | large molecules formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds | 43 | |
| 3249018893 | What are monomers? | the compounds that link together to form polymers | 44 | |
| 3249018894 | What are the main substances essential for life? | -carbon -Hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen | 45 | |
| 3249018895 | What are carbohydrates? | organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom | 46 | |
| 3249018896 | What are proteins? | organic compounds made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms | 47 | |
| 3249018897 | What are enzymes? | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction | 48 | |
| 3249018898 | What are the three parts of the cell theory? | 1) organisms are made of one or more cells 2) cells are the basic unit of life 3) all cells come only from other cells | 49 | |
| 3249018899 | what are prokaryotic cells? | cells without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles | 50 | |
| 3249018900 | What are eukaryotic cells? | cells with membrane bound nuclei and organelles; generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells | 51 | |
| 3249018901 | What is the cell wall? | in plants, the barrier that surrounds the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose and provides support and protection to the cell | 52 | |
| 3249018902 | What is the nucleus? | large organelle containing mist of the cell's DNA | 53 | |
| 3249018903 | What is the cytoplasm? | watery solution containing dissolved materials, enzymes and cell organelles | 54 | |
| 3249018904 | What is the mitochondria? | "power house" which is responsible for converting chemical energy from food into cell energy | 55 | |
| 3249018905 | What are the ribosomes? | manufacture proteins | 56 | |
| 3249018906 | What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | rough-modifies and transports proteins smooth- store enzymes | 57 | |
| 3249018907 | what is the Golgi apparatus? | process and package proteins | 58 | |
| 3249018908 | What are lysosomes? | full of digestive enzymes to break down cell parts | 59 | |
| 3249018909 | What are vacuoles? | where cells store salt and water | 60 | |
| 3249018910 | What is the cytoskeleton? | gives the cell framework | 61 | |
| 3249018911 | What are chloroplasts? | site of photosynthesis-where energy from sun is trapped and converted into glucose | 62 | |
| 3249018912 | What is a concentration gradient? | particles that are unevenly distributed | 63 | |
| 3249018913 | What is equilibrium? | continuous random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials | 64 | |
| 3249018914 | What is active transport? | energy requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient; moving from low to high concentration | 65 | |
| 3249018915 | What is passive transport? | moving from high to low concentration | 66 | |
| 3249018916 | What is facilitated diffusion? | passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins | 67 | |
| 3249018917 | What is a soluton? | homogeneous mixture formed when a substance is dissolved in another substance | 68 | |
| 3249018918 | what is a solute? | substance in which another substance is dissolved | 69 | |
| 3249018919 | what happens in an isotonic solution? | concentration of solute is equal inside and outside of the cell | 70 | |
| 3249018920 | What happens in an hypertonic solution? | concentration of solute is higher outside of the cell than inside; cell will "shrivel up" | 71 | |
| 3249018921 | What happens in a hypotonic solution? | concentration of solution is higher inside of the cell than outsider; cell will expand | 72 | |
| 3249018922 | What is selective permeability? | property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell | 73 | |
| 3249018923 | What is endocytosis? | when substances from the outside enter the cell; energy requiring | 74 | |
| 3249018924 | what is exocytosis? | when substances from the plasma membrane are expelled from the cell; energy requiring | 75 | |
| 3249018925 | What are the three parts of the cell cycle? | 1) interphase 2) mitosis 3) cytokinesis | 76 | |
| 3249018926 | What is the purpose of the cell cycle? | to reproduce cells | 77 |