AP Biology Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function Vocab Flashcards
All vocab is on cell membranes.
Definitions come from this chapter's AP Reading Guide made by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw and the 9th AP Edition Campbell Biology textbook.
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 1851745276 | Fluid mosaic model | Current cell membrane model where the membrane proteins are inside the bilayer, with their hydrophilic parts outside the membrane. | 0 | |
| 1851745277 | Integral proteins | Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer | 1 | |
| 1851745278 | Peripheral proteins | Proteins loosely bound to the surface of the membrane | 2 | |
| 1851745279 | Glycolipids | Carbohydrate bonded to lipids | 3 | |
| 1851745280 | Glycoproteins | Carbohydrate bonded to proteins; most common in membrane | 4 | |
| 1851745281 | Aquaporins | Proteins found on the membrane that allow more water to enter the cell than normal so it can be turgid. | 5 | |
| 1851745282 | Diffusion | The movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into the available space | 6 | |
| 1851745283 | Concentration gradient | The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases | 7 | |
| 1851745284 | Passive transport | Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane which does not require energy | 8 | |
| 1851745285 | Osmosis | Diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane | 9 | |
| 1851745286 | Isotonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes no net movement of water in or out of the cell | 10 | |
| 1851745287 | Hypertonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes the cell to lose water | 11 | |
| 1851745288 | Hypotonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes the cell to gain water | 12 | |
| 1851745289 | Flaccid | Limp; state of a walled cell in an isotonic solution | 13 | |
| 1851745290 | Plasmolysis | The shrinkage of a walled cell in a hypertonic solution; cell membrane pulls away from cell wall | 14 | |
| 1851745291 | Tonicity | Tha ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water | 15 | |
| 1851745292 | Osmoregulation | The control of solute concentrations and water balance | 16 | |
| 1851745293 | Facilitated diffusion | The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the help of specific transmembrane transport proteins | 17 | |
| 1851745294 | Membrane potential | Voltage (electrical potential energy) across a membrane | 18 | |
| 1851745295 | Electrochemical gradient | The combination of the chemical and electrical forces that drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane | 19 | |
| 1851745296 | Endocytosis | Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane | 20 | |
| 1851745297 | Exocytosis | The cell secretes certain biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane; ex. the release of neurotransmitters | 21 | |
| 1851745298 | Proton pump | An electrogenic pump which actively transports protons (hydrogen ions) out of the cell | 22 | |
| 1851751012 | Gated Channels | A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. | 23 | |
| 1851751013 | Selective Permeability | A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others. | 24 | |
| 1851751014 | Transport Proteins | A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. | 25 | |
| 1851751015 | Ion Channels | Allow ions to diffuse down concentration gradient | 26 | |
| 1851765730 | Active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 27 |