Campbell Biology 10th Edition: Chapter 32 Flashcards

2397759782	defining characteristics of animals	multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic, lack cell walls, nervous and muscle tissue, sexual reproduction, distinct life stages, Hox genes, similar embryonic development	0
2397764324	collagen	holds bodies together. extracellular; outside the cell membrane. replacement of cell walls	1
2397766729	gametic lifecycle	small, motile sperm fertilizes nonmotile egg	2
2397769029	larva stage	sexually immature	3
2397769030	metamorphosis	transformation from larva form to adult form	4
2397770429	Hox genes	unique to animals; regulate expression of other genes	5
2397771492	homoeboxes	common DNA sequences of Hox genes	6
2397773194	cleavage	series of mitotic divisions without cell growth between cycles	7
2397774794	blastula	hollow ball of cells	8
2397774795	gastrula	layers of embryonic tissue	9
2397780385	diploblastic	animals with two germ layers (cnidaria-jellyfish)	10
2397781931	triploblastic	animals with three germ layers (annelida-earthworms)	11
2397783393	mesoderm	between endoderm and ectoderm	12
2397787799	ectoderm	outside layer	13
2397787800	blastocoel	the hollow space in the blastula	14
2397791335	archenteron	usually becomes digestive system	15
2397791336	blastospore	opening in blastula, usually becomes mouth/anus	16
2397792692	endoderm	inner part of blastula	17
2397794535	asymmetrical	lack symmetry (porifera)	18
2397796450	radial symmetry	radia-top and bottom; cnidaria and cnetophoria-oral and aboral	19
2397799289	bilateral symmetry	(remaining phyla) dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, left and right	20
2397801568	dorsal	top	21
2397801569	ventral	bottom	22
2397802556	anterior	head	23
2397802557	posterior	end	24
2397804140	cephalization	associated with movement; concentration of sensory organs at the anterior end	25
2397805405	determinant	pre-programmed cells for cellular fixation	26
2397808526	coelem	body cavity, a fluid or air-filed space located between digestive tract and outer body wall	27
2397819385	acoelomate	lack fluid-filled cavity between digestive track and outer wall	28
2397820341	pseudocoelomate	fluid-filled cavity only partially lined by mesoderm	29
2397821778	coelomates	fluid-filled cavity completely lined with mesoderm	30
2397822801	advantages of coelem	cushions organs, functions as hydrostatic skeleton, allows internal organs/muscles to be independent of outerwall	31
2397826256	protostome development	determinant: spiral cleavage, mesoderm grow around archentron, blastospore forms the mouth	32
2397831972	deuterostome development	indeterminant: radial cleavage, mesoderm grows down, around, and back up, blastospore forms the anus	33
2397840249	main clades	metazoa, eumetazoa, bilateria, deuterostomia, lophotrochozoa, ecdysozoa	34
2397844957	metazoa	porifera	35
2397844958	eumetazoa	cnetophora	36
2397846186	bilateria	acoela	37
2397848731	lophotrochozoa	playhelminthes, rotifera, ectoprocta, brachiopoda, mollusca, annelida	38
2397863193	lophophore	used for feeding	39
2397866346	characteristics of ecdysozoa	molecular similarities first; morphological/developmental characters second	40
2397870780	neoproterozoic era	1b-542 mya; first macroscopic fossils (565-560 mya), named the ediacaran biota for the site of initial discovery	41
2397878325	paleozoic era	542-251 mya; had the cambrian explosion	42
2397880408	cambrian explosion	535-525 mya; wave of animal diversification. associated with decline of ediacaranbiota	43