AP Chemistry Big Idea 5: Thermodynamics Flashcards

2351533450	temperature	a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.	0
2351533987	heat transfer	transfer of kinetic energy from a warmer body to a cooler body	1
2351535506	First Law of Thermodynamics	Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another	2
2351595250	Second Law of Thermodynamics	Every energy transformation increases the entropy of the universe	3
2351535737	work		4
2351538685	enthalpy change (ΔH)	the amount of energy released (for negative values) or absorbed (for positive values) by a chemical reaction at constant pressure	5
2351539914	calorimetry	an experimental technique that is used to determine the heat exchanged / transferred in a chemical system	6
2351612060	heating / cooling curve		7
2351540673	breaking bonds	requires energy	8
2351540867	making bonds	releases energy	9
2351541457	bond length	The distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy; the average distance between two bonded atoms.	10
2351541938	Hess's law	the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process	11
2351544942	Physical change	Processes that involve only changes in weak intermolecular interactions, such as phase changes	12
2351545165	Chemical change	Processes that involve the breaking and/or formation of chemical bonds	13
2351545757	Entropy	randomness or disorder; increases when 1. solid to liquid, or liquid to gas 2. number of particles increases 3. increase in volume	14
2351549740	Gibbs free energy		15
2351552614	thermodynamically favored	ΔG is negative if both ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive	16
2351553975	not thermodynamically favored	ΔG is positive if both ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative	17
2351555942	kinetic control	Processes that are thermodynamically favored, but do not proceed at a measurable rate	18