DNA Flashcards
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| 2264038520 | Nucleotide | A DNA building block of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |  | 0 |
| 2264038521 | Mutation | A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule |  | 1 |
| 2264039713 | Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. RNA performs protein synthesis. |  | 2 |
| 2264039955 | Replicate | To duplicate. The DNA molecule makes a copy of itself. |  | 3 |
| 2264040543 | Double Helix | Double spiral; it describes the three-dimensional shape of DNA. |  | 4 |
| 2314714544 | Adenine (A) | Nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine (T) during DNA replication. |  | 5 |
| 2314731392 | Thymine (T) | Nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine (A) during DNA replication. |  | 6 |
| 2314738919 | Cytosine (C) | Nitrogenous base that pairs with guanine (G) during DNA replication. |  | 7 |
| 2314749980 | Guanine (G) | Nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine (C) during DNA replication. |  | 8 |
| 2314758106 | Chargaff's Rule | States that base pairs occur in equal amounts. The amount of (A) = the amount of (T), and the amount of (C) = the amount of (G). |  | 9 |
| 2314851629 | X-Ray Diffraction | A process used by Rosalind Franklin to make images of DNA that helped reveal the structure of DNA |  | 10 |
| 2314912350 | Complimentary | Refers to the copied DNA strand, or he matching base of another base. (ex. for sequence ATGCT the complimentary strand is TACGA) |  | 11 |
| 2315132658 | Ribosome | Cell organelle that is attached to ER, or floating freely in cytoplasm. Site of protein synthesis (Translation of the Genetic Code). |  | 12 |
| 2315162420 | Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |  | 13 |
| 2315166710 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |  | 14 |
| 2315170416 | Deletion | Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed |  | 15 |
| 2315173558 | Substitution | A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide |  | 16 |
| 2315186478 | Insertion | A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene. |  | 17 |
| 2315223984 | Mutagen | A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation, or change. |  | 18 |
| 2315228584 | Sickle Cell Disease | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms. |  | 19 |
| 2315240888 | Genetic Engineering | A technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use. |  | 20 |
| 2315253867 | Finger Printing (DNA) | Identifies the unique patterns in an individual's DNA, does not involve fingerprints. |  | 21 |
| 2315329192 | Clone | a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction |  | 22 |