DNA Flashcards

2414127171	nucleotides	Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar(ribose/deoxribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base ( guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil)	0
2414161216	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA	1
2414161217	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	2
2414161218	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	3
2414161458	nucleus	Control center of the cell	4
2414161708	nitrogenous base	A molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes genetic information in cells.	5
2414161709	phosphate group	A molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases	6
2414162447	deoxyribose/ribose	types of sugar found in DNA/RNA	7
2414162448	double helix	The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.	8
2414162449	thymine	A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.	9
2414162633	adenine	(biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA	10
2414162634	cytosine	A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.	11
2414162635	guanine	A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.	12
2414162766	urasil	Nitrogenous base that appears only in RNA instead of thymine	13
2414162767	purines	Adenine and Guanine	14
2414163063	pyrimidines	cytocine, thymine, and uracil	15
2414163064	helicase	An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.	16
2414163065	polymerase	A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase	17
2414163100	codon	A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.	18
2414163237	amino acid	Building blocks of protein	19
2414163252	transcribed	Language of DNA is ____ to language of RNA (process)	20
2414163557	translation	(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm	21
2414163558	ribosomes	Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.	22
2414163591	cytoplasm	A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended	23
2414163849	mRNA, tRNA, rRNA	messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA	24
2414163858	messenger, transfer, ribosomal	3 types of RNA	25
2414164393	anticodon	group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon	26
2414164917	initiation, elongation, termination	three stages of transcription	27
2414164918	mutagen	A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.	28
2414165218	substitutions, deletions, insertions	manipulation of DNA that causes mutations	29
2414165219	silent mutations	Is when a mutation is there, but does not change the normal gene function. It has no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code.	30
2414165447	frameshift mutation	A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.	31
2420172803	polypeptide	A long chain of amino acids	32