Myers Ap Psych: Chapter 5 (Sensation) Flashcards
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| 3093378248 | Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. |  | 0 |
| 3093382233 | Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |  | 1 |
| 3093459271 | Bottom-up processing | Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information. | 2 | |
| 3093462870 | Top-down processing | Information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions by drawing on our experiences and expectations. | 3 | |
| 3093476850 | Absolute threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. |  | 4 |
| 3093480454 | Signal Detection Theory | A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus ("signal") amid background stimulation ("noise"). Detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue. |  | 5 |
| 3093493485 | Difference threshold | The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. (Just noticeable difference) |  | 6 |
| 3093497126 | Subliminal | Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness (Detected less than 50% of the time) |  | 7 |
| 3093503797 | Weber's Law | The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (Light- 8%, Weight-2%, Tones-0.3% frequency change). The larger amount of stimulus present the large change needed to detect the change. |  | 8 |
| 3093528970 | Sensory adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. |  | 9 |
| 3093538476 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. Transforming stimulus energies (sights, sounds, smells) into neural impulses our brains can interpret | 10 | |
| 3093550859 | Wavelength (HUE) | Distance from one peak of one light/sound wave to the peak of the next. Determines the energy's HUE (color we see) |  | 11 |
| 3093562951 | Intensity (AMPLITUDE) | Amount of energy in light waves (determined by AMPLITUDE - height of the wave) influences the brightness of the color we perceive. |  | 12 |
| 3093573188 | Pupil | Adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. |  | 13 |
| 3093575819 | Iris | Ring of muscle tissue around the pupil that controls the size of the pupil opening (Determines the color of your eye) |  | 14 |
| 3093580654 | Lens | Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus the image on the retina |  | 15 |
| 3093582513 | Retina | Light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the process of visual information. |  | 16 |
| 3093588124 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray (Peripheral and low light vision). | 17 | |
| 3093591250 | Cones | Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina. Detect colors in daylight and well lit conditions. | 18 | |
| 3093598971 | Fovea | Central focal point in the retina (location of the eye's cones). |  | 19 |
| 3093604292 | Optic Nerve (BLIND SPOT) | Nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain (creating a BLIND SPOT because there are no receptor cells there) |  | 20 |
| 3093610995 | Feature detectors | Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. | 21 | |
| 3093620659 | Parallel Processing | Processing several aspects of a problem at the same time (including color, depth, movement, and form) | 22 | |
| 3093630732 | Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three color) Theory | The retina contains three different color receptors (red, green, blue) - when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. |  | 23 |
| 3093637619 | Opponent-Process Theory | Opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) that enable vision. |  | 24 |
| 3093661818 | Pitch | Tone's experienced highness or lowness (depends on the frequency - length of the wave) |  | 25 |
| 3093670201 | Middle Ear | Three tiny bones (hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, & stirrup/stapes) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. |  | 26 |
| 3093688504 | Cochlea | Snail shaped fluid filled tube of the inner ear that is lines with tiny hair cells. Sound waves trigger nerve impulses through these hairs. |  | 27 |
| 3093718462 | Conduction hearing loss | Caused by damage to the mechanical system (bones in middle ear) that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. | 28 | |
| 3093722979 | Sensorineural hearing loss (Nerve Deafness) | Caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors (hair cells) or the auditory nerve. | 29 | |
| 3093739846 | Kinesthesis | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. | 30 | |
| 3093742252 | Vestibular Sense | Sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance (sense of equilibrium located in inner ear). |  | 31 |