Chapter 18: Genomes and their Evolution Flashcards
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| 1471796721 | Genomics | study of whole sets of genes and their interactions | 0 | |
| 1471796722 | Human genome project | sequencing of the human genome that began in 1990 | 1 | |
| 1471796723 | Whole-genome shotgun approach | starts with the cloning and sequencing of DNA fragments from randomly cut DNA | 2 | |
| 1471796724 | Sequencing by synthesis | resulted in massive increases in speed and decreases in the cost of sequencing entire genomes | 3 | |
| 1471796725 | Proteomics | study of the full protein sets (proteomes) encoded by gnomes | 4 | |
| 1471796726 | Systems biology | aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on the study of the interactions among the system's parts | 5 | |
| 1471796727 | Pseudogenes | former genes that have accumulated mutations over a long time and no longer produce functional protein | 6 | |
| 1471796728 | Repetitive DNA | consists of sequences that are present in multiple copies in the genome | 7 | |
| 1471796729 | Transposable elements | stretches of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome | 8 | |
| 1471796730 | Transposition | a transposable element moves from one site in a cell's DNA to a different target site by a type of recombination process | 9 | |
| 1471796731 | Transposons | type of transposable element that can move within a genome by means of a DNA intermediate; move by a "cut and paste" mechanism, which removes the element from the original site; by a "copy and paste" mechanism, leaves a copy behind | 10 | |
| 1471796732 | Retrotransposons | move by means of an RNA intermediate that is a transcript of the retrotransposon DNA; always leave a copy at the original site during transposition, since they are initially transcribed into an RNA intermediate | 11 | |
| 1471796733 | Simple sequence DNA | contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequence | 12 | |
| 1471796734 | Short tandem repeat (STR) | when the unit contains 2-5 nucleotides | 13 | |
| 1471796735 | Genetic profile | a unique set of genetic markers that can be used to identify individuals | 14 | |
| 1471796736 | Multigene families | collections of two or more identical or very similar genes | 15 | |
| 1471796737 | Domains | discrete structural and functions regions of proteins | 16 | |
| 1471796738 | Single nucleotide polymorphins (SNPs) | single base-pair sites where variation is found in at least 1% of the population | 17 | |
| 1471796739 | Homeobox | specifies a 60 amino acid homeodomain in the encoded proteins | 18 |