American History: A Survey Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

1731198766	What were three major civilizations of Southern America?	The Incas, Mayans and Aztecs	0
1731198767	Where were the Incas and what were some of their accomplishments?	Peru; paved roads and tribes	1
1731198768	Where were the Mayans and what were some of their accomplishments?	Central America, Yucatán; written language, numeral system	2
1731198769	Where were the Aztecs and what were some of their accomplishments?	Mexico; developed a religion, and educational and medical systems	3
1731198770	What did the population increase after the black plague in Europe lead to?	-A rise in land values -A reawakening of commerce -Prosperity -A merchant class eager to please their customers with new goods	4
1731198771	Who financed Christopher Columbus' first voyage?	Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain	5
1731198772	Where was Columbus trying to go?	The Far East	6
1731198773	What was one of Columbus' major motivations for exploration?	Religion	7
1731198774	What did Cortés do? (conquistador)	Conquered the Aztecs, accidentally gave them smallpox, ruthlessly surpressed natives	8
1731198775	What did Francisco Pizzaro do? (conquistador)	Conquered Peru	9
1731198776	What did Hernando de Soto do? (conquistador)	Searched for gold, silver and jewels through Florida and into the continent, was first white man to cross the Mississippi	10
1731198777	What were some general characteristics of conquistadors?	They were brave and daring, but also brutal and greedy	11
1731198778	What was an ecomienda?	A license from the Spanish queen in order to be able to launch an expedition to America	12
1731198779	What were the three periods of the Spanish empire?	-Discovery and exploration -Conquistadors -Spanish began to colonize	13
1731198780	What were the motives for Spanish exploration?	Wealth, the desire to create an agricultural economy, and religion	14
1731198781	What were presidios?	Military bases for Spanish missionaries	15
1731198782	What was the first permanent Spanish settlement/	St. Augustine, Florida	16
1731198783	What did the Spanish bring to the natives?	-Smallpox, measles and influenza -Sugar and bananas -Cattle, pigs and sheep -HORSES	17
1731198784	What did the Natives give to the Spanish?	-Farming technique -Corn, squash, pumpkin, beans, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers and potatoes	18
1731198785	What was a chartered company?	Groups of merchant capitalists joined in order to make a profit	19
1731198786	What was mercantilism?	The goal of economic activity would be to increase the nation's wealth (colonies would make money to increase the general wealth of England)	20
1731198787	What was the belief of predestination?	The idea that your fate had already been decided	21
1731198788	Who were Puritan seperatists?	Those who wanted purification of the church were known as Puritans-Puritans seperatists left the church and disobeyed the government	22
1731198789	Where was England's first colony and what model did they follow?	Ireland, the plantation model	23
1731198790	Who was Henry Hudson?	Found the Hudson River, gave the Dutch a claim on America, created New Netherland and New Amsterdam	24
1731198791	Where was the first English Settlement?	Jamestown	25
1731198792	What was the Spanish Armada?	The largest naval fleet almost ever tried to cross into England but a much smaller English force stopped them	26
1731198793	Who was Virginia named after?	The "virgin" queen Elizabeth	27
1731198794	What happened to Roanoke?	It disappeared	28
1731198795	What were some problems with colony of Jamestown?	Disease, especially malaria Colonists spent their time searching for gold There weren't enough women	29
1731198796	What was the first marketable crop in the Americas?	Tobacco	30
1731198797	What was Bacon's rebellion?	In order to increase representation for everyone, Bacon stormed the capitol twice, burned Jamestown, almost took over Virginia but died unexpectedly	31
1731309062	Where did the puritans move to before going to North America?	Holland	32
1731320311	What was the mayflower compact?	The pilgrims realized that they were not on their allotted land so they wrote a constitution and pledged allegiance to England before landing	33
1731325037	What was the Massachusetts bay experiment?	Puritans sent 1000 people to Massachusetts where they created a strong theocracy	34
1731329593	What is a theocracy?	A government where religion is involved	35
1731332205	Who was Roger Williams?	Created Providence, called for separation of church and station	36
1731342293	Who was Anne Hutchinson?	Challenged the authority of the clergy, challenged norms of social behavior	37