Chapter 43 Immune System Flashcards

606905328	innate immunity	Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.	0
606905329	acquired immunity	Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.	1
606905330	lymphocytes	White blood cells.	2
606905331	antibodies	Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen.	3
606905334	neutrophils	Most abundant white blood cell., The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.	4
606905336	complement system	A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.	5
606905337	interferon	Protein produced by cells in response to being infected by a virus; helps other cells resist the virus.	6
606905338	inflammtory response	Innate response with the purpose of containing a site of damage, localizing the response, eliminating the invader and restore tissue function.	7
606905339	histamine	Chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.	8
606905340	natural killer (NK) cells	These cells kill cancer cells and cells infected with viruses. They bind to their targets and deliver a lethal burst of chemicals to produce holes in the target cell's membrane leading to its destruction.	9
606905341	antigen	Any foreign molecule that is specifically recognized by lymphocytes and elicits an immune response.	10
606905342	epitope	Small, accessible portion of an antigen that can be recognized.	11
606905343	B lymphocytes (B cells)	Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies.	12
606905344	T lymphocytes (T cells)	Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts directly against antigens in cell-mediated immune responses.	13
606905345	immunoglobulins	Secreted antibodies.	14
606905346	antigen presentation	The process by which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell.	15
606905347	thymus	Gland in the thoracic cavity above the heart where T lymphocytes mature.	16
606905348	memory cells	General term for lymphocytes that are responsible for immunological memory and protective immunity.	17
606905349	primary immune response	Immune response the first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen. Does not peak until 10-17 days after exposure.	18
606905350	secondary immune response	Immune response after the body has already been exposed to a specific antigen. Response is faster, of greater magnitude, and more prolonged.	19
606905351	humoral immune response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	20
606905352	cell-mediated immune response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	21
606905353	helper T cells	Activate macrophages, B cells and T cells.	22
606905354	active immunity	A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.	23
606905355	passive immunite	Immunity conferred by transferring antibodies from an individual who is immune to a pathogen to another individual.	24
606905356	immunization	The deliberate exposure of a pathogen to produce memory cells.	25
606905358	Rh factor	Refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells.	26
606905359	graft versus host reaction	When lymphocytes in donated bone marrow react against the recipient.	27
606905360	anaphylactic shock	A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.	28
606905362	autoimmune diseases	Diseases caused when the immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules in the body.	29
606905364	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection.	30
606905370	B cell receptor	The antigen receptor on B cells: a Y-Shaped, membrane-bound molecule consisting of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains linked by disulfide bridges and containing two antigen-binding sites.	31
606905372	T cell receptor	Antigen receptors on a T cell. Unlike antibodies, T cell receptors are never produced in a secreted form.	32
608378050	Major histocompatibility compex (MHC)	Binds to a fragment of an antigen within a cell and presents it on the surface of the membrane.	33
608378051	cytotoxic T cells or "killer T cells"	T cells that directly attack infecting organisms; these cells attack antigen labeled foreign or host tissue.	34