Chapter 25 America Moves to the City 1865-1900 Flashcards

3441319824		The over-arching theme of chapter 25 is that in the late 1800s, the Industrial Revolution forced the American city to gain dominance over rural America.	0
3441356818		Cities grew because factories grew. The Industrial Revolution kicked into gear in America in the late 1800s and factories needed workers, so people flocked to the cities.	1
3441358380		Problems arose as cities boomed. The problems included: exploitation of immigrant laborers, poor/unhealthy work conditions, over-crowdedness and sanitation problems, corruption, and "nativism" (anti-immigrant feelings).	2
3441360305		Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. DuBois were the top black leaders. They disagreed on how to help blacks—Washington encouraged blacks to obtain a practical skill at a trade school, DuBois encouraged blacks to study anything they wished, even academic subjects. The roles of women began to change, if only slightly.	3
3441362199		More women worked, though most were still at home. The "new woman" was idealized by the athletic, outgoing "Gibson Girl."	4
3441417631		I. Urban Frontier	5
3441428475	industrial jobs	What was the major factor drawing people off the farms and into the big cities?	6
3441480235	the rise of large department stores.	What was one of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America pioneered by Marshal Field in Chicago?	7
3441486290	dumbell tenements	tall, narrow, barbell-shaped buildings	8
3441522977		II. New Immigration	9
3441541948	eastern and southern Europe	Where did most of the 20 million "New Immigrants" between 1870 and 1920 come from? How were they different?	10
3441558047		III. Southern Europe uprooted	11
3441550951	escape poverty	Why did most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880-1920 come to the United States?	12
3441563621	"Birds of Passage"	Some immigrants came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe. What were they called?	13
3441584396	melting pot	The term for a mix of peoples from different cultures	14
3441589851	salad bowl	However. most immigrants tried to preserve their cultures. What is this known as ?	15
3441597399		III. Reaction to the New Immigration	16
3441610712	assimilation or Americanize	Immigrants were expected to give up their culture and adapt to American culture. What is this term?	17
3441626902	political machines	With no government intervention, immigrants often relied on this political entity for help.	18
3441636953	Settlement Houses	What community centers offered immigrants assistance in child care, instruction in English, cultural activities, and social reform lobbying?	19
3441663416	Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr	These two reformers co-founded Hull House in order to help the poor.	20
3441685209	the big city: black women usually worked as domestic servants Wives and mothers were not expected to work white-collar jobs for native born women immigrant women in industrial jobs	Of all of the following places which one offered women the greatest opportunities between 1865-1900? the big city the West suburban communities rural America New England	21
3441716271		IV. Narrowing the Welcome Mat	22
3441757365	nativism	Term used to describe overt favoritism towards native-born Americans	23
3441827698	labor organizations	What favored immigrant restrictions because they were willing to be used as strikebreakers, willing to work for low wages, and were usually non-English speaking?	24
3441844340	American Protective Agency (APA)	THIS anti-foreign organization was reminiscent of the "know-nothings of the antebellum days, they were created in 1867 and grew to a million members.	25
3441905781		V. Churches Confront the Urban Challenge	26
3441928515	Jews and Catholics	Most of the NEW Immigrants were of which two religious denominations?	27
3441998203	Roman Catholics	By 1900, which religious denomination had become the largest single denomination with over 9 million communicants?	28
3442016049	the Salvation Army	Which religious denomination was a band playing group from England with members were soldiers without swords? They provide meals to the homeless.	29
3442023417		VI. Darwin Disrupts the Churches	30
3442035927	Herbert Spencer	Who used Darwin's theories to explain the evolution of human society	31
3442050729	caused a split between evolutionists and accommodationists	How did the Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affect religion? What two groups split?	32
3442091540		VII. The Lust For Learning	33
3442140081	laws increased attendance need for educated citizens	How did college and High Schools change after the Civil War?	34
3442154525		VII. Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People	35
3442165879	Booker T. Washington	Which African American educator believed that racism end once blacks acquired diplomas and labor skills?	36
3442212846	economic improvement	Therefore, what did Washington believe was the key to political and civil rights for African Americans?	37
3442187410	Tuskegee, Alabama, Normal and Industrial Institute	1881 School started by Booker T. Washington that offered African Americans teaching diplomas and vocational skills	38
3442230877	equality ending segregation	Why was Washington criticized? Where did some think he stopped short? He did not believe that blacks should push for this?	39
3442280223	"Uncle Tom"	Some blacks referred to Booker T. Washington as being THIS because he did not fight for equality now.	40
3442250362	W.E.B. Du Bois	THIS black leader promoted a liberal arts education as the basis for training and leadership?	41
3442262562	Niagara Movement	This movement was the way in which Du Bois promoted higher education to blacks?	42
3442287316	National Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)	WHAT organization was founded by Du Bois and others who called for full equality of the races?	43
3442325934	"talented tenth"	What was the name for as described by W.E.B. Du Bois for the blacks that should lead the their race to full social and racial equality with whites?	44
3442335084		VIII. The Hollowed Halls of Ivy: Between 1850 and 1900, more than 150 new colleges were founded!	45
3442343676	Morrill Act of 1862	What law granted public lands to states to support higher education?	46
3442361666	women	College education for which group in the decades after the Civil War became much more common?	47
3442377686		IX. The March of the Mind	48
3442370310	increased significantly	What happened to life expectancy during the industrial revolution?	49
3442414015	industry	Colleges added more subjects beyond Greek and Latin. What caused colleges to expand their curriculum in modern languages, physical sciences, and psychology and physiology?	50
3442418922		X. Appeal of the Press	51
3442439389	sensationalism	THIS new style of writing was capturing the public interest in sex scandals and other human interest stories.	52
3442448954	Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst	THESE two new journalist tycoons emerged by using methods in sensationalism.	53
3442465543		XI. Apostles of Reform	54
3442499234	socialism	Some journalists, like Edwin L. Godkin, pioneered taking on controversial issues such as civil-service reform and the tariff.	55
3442505904	socialism	Some journalists, like Edward Bellamy, criticized wealth over poverty and argued for THIS economic system.	56
3442518402		XII. Postwar Writing	57
3442528367	dime novels	As literacy increased, so did reading. What is the name of the books that Americans purchased millions of after the Civil War?	58
3442572011	Andrew Carnegie	What philanthropist greatly contributed financial support to libraries.	59
3442589582	Christianity	Ben Hur, by General Lewis Wallace, defended THIS against Darwinism.	60
3442598645		XIII. Literary Landmarks	61
3442662410	materialism = wealth v. poverty = industrial society	American novelists are now moving away from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected by WHAT after the Civil War?	62
3442611966	Mark Twain	Who was born Samuel Longhorn Clemens? He was America's most famous author and platform lecturer. He wrote many novels including the Adventures of Tom Swayer and Huckleberry Finn.	63
3442646907	Red Badge of Courage	Stephen Crane wrote THIS book in 1895, a stirring story of a young Civil War recruit. Crane died of tuberculosis at age 29.	64
3442674149		XIV. The New Morality	65
3442696039	divorce rates birth control marry earlier children seen as greater econmic asset	WHAT behaviors In the decades after the Civil War, reflect changes in sexual attitudes and practices?	66
3442701932		XV. Families and Women in the City	67
3442707963	gradually declined	What happened to family size in the course of the late 19th century?	68
3442726368	the right to vote would extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.	By 1900, what had women's suffrage demanded?	69
3442737275	stress of urban life	What was the most important factor leading to an increased divorce rate in the late 19th century?	70
3442747731	whites	Which group was enrollment to the National Women's Suffrage Association limited to?	71
3442754052		XVI. Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress	72
3442758240	middleclass women	Which group most reflected the prohibition movement?	73
3442767941		Review the Women's Suffrage Movement from 1848-1919. Who-what-where-when-why	74
3442769569		XVII. Artistic Triumph	75
3442800868	Thomas Eakins	The art of Winslow Homer and THIS artist moved away from romanticism and toward a more realistic view of life.	76
3442815739	architecture	What does the term Richardsonian in the late 19th century pertain to?	77
3442830856		XVIII. The Business of Amusement	78
3442839580	basketball bicycling croquet college football circus vaudeville	Which sports and pastimes were developed during the late 19th century?	79
3442856848	THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!	THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!	80
3442859161		IDENTIFICATION	81
3442867971	dumbell tenements	High-rise urban buildings that provided barrackslike housing for urban slum dwellers	82
3442870900	New Immigrants	Term for the post - 1880 newcomers who came to America primarily from southern and eastern Europe	83
3442880963	birds of passage	Immigrants who came to America to earn money for a time and then returned to their native land	84
3442888485	social gospel	The religious doctrine preached by those who believed the churches should directly address economic and social problems	85
3442894975	Hull House	Settlement house in Chicago slums that became a model for women's involvement in urban social reform	86
3442900398	social work	Profession established by Jane Addams and others that opened new opportunities for women while engaging urban problems	87
3442904550	American Protection Agency (APA)	Nativist organization that attacked "New Immigrants" and Roman Catholicism in the 1u80s and 1890s	88
3442911474	Roman Catholicism	The church that became the largest religious group, mainly as a result of the "New Immigration"	89
3442922082	Tuskegee Institute	Black institution founded by Booker T. Washington to provide training in agriculture and crafts	90
3442927202	NAACP	Organization founded by W.E.B. Do Bois and others to advance black social and economic equality	91
3442931722	Progress and Poverty	Henry George's best-selling book that advocated social reform through the imposition of a "single tax" on land	92
3442937809	Comstock Law	Federal law promoted by a self-appointed morality crusader and used to persecute moral and sexual dissidents	93
3442945527	Women and Economics	Charlotte Perkins Gilman's book urging women to enter the work force and advocating cooperative kitchens and child-care centers	94
3442962771	NAWSA	Organization founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others to promote the vote for women	95
3442971425	WCTU	Women's organization founded by Frances Willard and others to oppose alcohol consumption	96
3442975943		MATCHING	97
3442979763	Louis Sullivan	Chicago-based architect whose high-rise innovation allowed more people to crowd into limited urban space	98
3442987785	Walter Rauschenbusch	Leading Protestant advocate of the "social gospel" who tried to make Christianity relevant to urban and industrial problems	99
3442993793	Jane Addams	Leading social reformer who lived with the poor and the slums and pioneered new forms of activism for women	100
3442996093	Dwight L. Moody	Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old-time revivalism to the industrial city	101
3443003192	Mary Baker Eddy	Author and founder of a popular new religion based on principles of spiritual healing	102
3443009863	Booker T. Washington	Former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity but not social equality for blacks	103
3443015468	William James	Harvard scholar who made original contributions to modern psychology and philosophy	104
3443025259	Henry George	Controversial reformer whose book, Progress and Poverty advocated solving problems of economic inequality by a tax on land	105
3443029342	Emily Dickinson	Gifted but isolated New England poet, the bulk of whose works were not published until after her death	106
3443034453	Mark Twain	Midwestern-born writer and lecturer who created a new style of American literature based on social realism and humor	107
3443042444	Victoria Woodhull	Radical feminist propagandist whose eloquent attacks on conventional social morality shocked many Americans in the 1870s.	108
3443043113	Anthony Comstock	Vigorous 19th century crusader for sexual "purity" who used federal law to enforce his moral views	109
3443044983	W.E.B. Du Bois	Harvard-educated scholar and advocate of full black social and economic equality through the leadership of a "talented tenth"	110
3443045535	Henry Adams	Well-connected and socially prominent historian who feared modern trends and sought relief in the beauty and culture of the past	111
3443073081	THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!	THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!	112